中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)美國(guó)學(xué)校英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課程
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)以前教過(guò)的一些基本語(yǔ)法, 同時(shí)也談一談在美國(guó)學(xué)校里的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課程.首先我們還是先聽一段對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)鮑勃和珍妮在校園里談到了暑假里計(jì)劃作些什么. 請(qǐng)你注意兩位老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
M: Well, Jenny, the school year is almost over. We just have two more weeks before exams. What do you plan to do this summer?
F: I'm going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program.
M: That sounds interesting. Don't you need to speak a foreign language for a job like that?
F: No, you don't. You just have to present the language simply and give the students a chance to practice speaking.
M: Come to think of it, that's the way I was taught to speak Chinese. But speaking Chinese didn't help me learn to read and write Chinese.
F: My students won't want to read and write English, at least not now. They are more interested in speaking.
M: You sound very knowledgeable about all this, How do you know so much?
F: I took a Teaching English as a Second Language course last year when you were in China. I've also talked with the program administrators quite a lot. I think I would like to be an ESL teacher when I graduate.
今天我們要復(fù)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法包括時(shí)態(tài), 語(yǔ)態(tài), 動(dòng)詞詞組, 時(shí)間從句和形容詞從句等等. 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔颜螌?duì)話聽一遍. 這次請(qǐng)你特別注意句子的語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造.
M: Well, Jenny, the school year is almost over. We just have two more weeks before exams. What do you plan to do this summer?
F: I'm going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program.
M: That sounds interesting. Don't you need to speak a foreign language for a job like that?
F: No, you don't. You just have to present the language simply and give the students a chance to practice speaking.
M: Come to think of it, that's the way I was taught to speak Chinese. But speaking Chinese didn't help me learn to read and write Chinese.
F: My students won't want to read and write English, at least not now. They are more interested in speaking.
M: You sound very knowledgeable about all this, How do you know so much?
F: I took a Teaching English as a Second Language course last year when you were in China. I've also talked with the program administrators quite a lot. I think I would like to be an ESL teacher when I graduate.
二.時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 首先我們復(fù)習(xí)不同時(shí)態(tài). 練習(xí)的作法是老師根據(jù)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容提出各種不同時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生作肯定的答覆. 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作, 并且特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的用法.
M: Is the school year almost over?
F: Yes, the school year is almost over.
M: Is Jenny talking to Bob?
F: Yes, Jenny is talking to Bob.
M: Has she gotten a job for the summer?
F: Yes, she has gotten a job for the summer.
M: Is she going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program?
F: Yes, she is going to teach English to some immigrants in the university's community service program.
M: Will it be a helpful experience for her?
F: Yes, it will be a helpful experience for her.
M: Did she take an English as a Second Language course last year?
F: Yes, she took an English as a Second Language course last year.
M: Had she thought about being an ESL teacher before she took that course?
F: Yes, she had thought about being an ESL teacher before she took that course.
三.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞 + TO + 動(dòng)詞
下面我們復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞加上 to, t-o, to 再加上動(dòng)詞的用法. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容說(shuō)到移民到美國(guó)之后需要學(xué)英文的原因. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)句子, 學(xué)生跟著說(shuō)一遍, 接著老師念一個(gè)詞組, 學(xué)生就把詞組代換到原來(lái)的句子里. 這組練習(xí)里的詞匯都是以前學(xué)過(guò)的. 請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí).
M: The immigrants would like to learn English.
M: enroll in an English class
F: The immigrants would like to enroll in an English class.
M: need to
F: The immigrants need to enroll in an English class.
M: make a living in the U.S.
F: The immigrants need to make a living in the U.S.
M: talk to people in English
F: The immigrants need to talk to people in English.
M: want to
F: The immigrants want to talk to people in English.
M: communicate with people in English
F: The immigrants want to communicate with people in English.
M: resettle in the U.S.
F: The immigrants want to resettle in the U.S.
M: hope to
F: The immigrants hope to resettle in the U.S.
M: establish themselves in the U.S.
F: The immigrants hope to establish themselves in the U.S.
M: become American citizens
F: The immigrants hope to become American citizens.
四.復(fù)習(xí)表明時(shí)間的從句
下面我們復(fù)習(xí)用來(lái)表明時(shí)間的從句. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容說(shuō)到移民學(xué)英文的情況. 練習(xí)的作法是老師提出問(wèn)題,比方: "自從他們搬到美國(guó)以來(lái), 他們學(xué)到了一些俗語(yǔ)嗎?" Have they picked up some idiomatic expressions since they moved to the U.S.? 學(xué)生就作肯定的答覆.請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí)的時(shí)候特別注意時(shí)間從句的用法. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: Did some of them study English before they left their homelands?
F: Yes, some of them studied English before they left their homelands.
M: Did some of them enroll in school as soon as they resettled in the U.S?
F: Yes, some of them enrolled in school as soon as they resettled in the U.S.
M: Did some of them go to night school after they started working full time?
F: Yes, some of them went to night school after they started working full time.
M: Have they picked up some idiomatic expressions since they moved to the U.S.?
F: Yes, some of them have picked up some idiomatic expressions since they moved to the U.S.
M: Do they try to speak English whenever they have a chance?
F: Yes, they try to speak English whenever they have a chance.
五.復(fù)習(xí) WHEN 開頭的時(shí)間從句和形容詞
下面我們一邊復(fù)習(xí)用 when 開頭的時(shí)間從句, 一邊復(fù)習(xí)形容詞. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容說(shuō)到一般學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的心情. 比方有困難的時(shí)候覺(jué)得氣餒, 說(shuō)錯(cuò)了覺(jué)得很窘等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)句子, 接著老師念一個(gè)從句或是一個(gè)主要句子. 學(xué)生必須要斟酌情況正確地把句子代換到原來(lái)的整句話里. 你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí)的時(shí)候要特別注意應(yīng)該代換哪個(gè)部分. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: They feel discouraged when they have difficulties.
M: when they make a mistake
F: They feel discouraged when they make a mistake.
M: They feel embarrassed.
F: They feel embarrassed when they make a mistake.
M: when they don't understand what people say
F: They feel embarrassed when they don't understand what people say.
M: They feel helpless.
F: They feel helpless when they don't understand what people say.
M: They feel nervous.
F: They feel nervous when they don't understand what people say.
M: when they express their thoughts in English
F: They feel nervous when they express their thoughts in English.
六.復(fù)習(xí) WHEN 開頭的形容詞從句
剛才我們作的幾組練習(xí)都是說(shuō)到外國(guó)人在美國(guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的情況. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí)一方面復(fù)習(xí)用 when, w-h-e-n, when 開頭的形容詞從句, 一方面談一談許多美國(guó)人學(xué)外國(guó)話的原因. 練習(xí)的作法是老師說(shuō)一句話, 接著老師念一個(gè)從句. 學(xué)生就把從句代換到原來(lái)的句子里. 請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí)的時(shí)候一邊注意語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu), 一邊復(fù)習(xí)詞匯. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: Those who want to understand a foreign culture need to learn a foreign language.
M: who want to do business with a foreign company
F: Those who want to do business with a foreign company need to learn a foreign language.
M: who want to negotiate with a foreign corporation
F: Those who want to negotiate with a foreign corporation need to learn a foreign language.
M: who want to communicate with foreigners
F: Those who want to communicate with foreigners need to learn a foreign language.
M: who want to travel in a foreign country
F: Those who want to travel in a foreign country need to learn a foreign language.
M: who want to live in a foreign country
F: Those who want to live in a foreign country need to learn a foreign language.
七.復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
下面我們作一組練習(xí)一方面復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 一方面談一談鮑勃學(xué)中文的經(jīng)驗(yàn).練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子,請(qǐng)你把句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)出來(lái). 每作完一句, 老師就把正確答案念給你聽.
M: Foreign languages impress Bob.
F: Bob is impressed with foreign languages.
M: His parents have always encouraged him to study a foreign language.
F: He has always been encouraged to study a foreign language.
M: His mother had taught him Chinese when he was small.
F: He had been taught Chinese when he was small.
M: His Chinese instructor told him about the study-abroad program when he was a university student.
F: He was told about the study-abroad program when he was a university student.
M: He hopes that a university in China will offer him a scholarship to study there someday.
F: He hopes that he will be offered a scholarship to study in China someday.
八.聽短文回答問(wèn)題
今天我們要聽的文章談到美國(guó)學(xué)校為了幫助外國(guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)而設(shè)立的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)計(jì)劃.請(qǐng)你注意聽.
The United States is primarily an English speaking country. The majority of the population speaks English as their native language. Business, education and most public aspects of life are conducted in English. Across the country, people pronounce English sounds in several different ways and some regional vocabulary differences exist, but for the most part, Americans speak one common language. This language is sometimes called American English. However, not everyone in the U.S. is a native speaker of English. Most immigrants to the country are speakers of other languages. There are hundreds of communities around the U.S. where English is not the most commonly used language. Chinese, Italian, German, Armenian, Greek, Vietnamese and French are all spoken in numerous communities in the U.S. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after English in the U. S. It is widely spoken in New York and across the southern part of the country. For speakers of other languages, learning English is important, but traditionally teaching people to speak English as a second language was given little attention. Non-English speakers were expected to "pick up" the language through contact in public. Recently, this has changed. Today, most large public schools and community colleges have ESL, English as a Second Language, programs. American English teachers feel that English students should learn the language the way they will be using it. Therefore, ESL programs teach different English lessons to different students. Some programs teach students to communicate in English in public. Other programs teach the kind of English people will need on their jobs. American ESL instructional methods emphasize the importance of communication to language learning. These methods do not feature grammatical explanations and translation. The instructional goal is to get the English learners to learn by using their target language.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 你回答之后老師會(huì)把正確答案念給你聽.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What languages are spoken in the United States?
F: Many languages are spoken in the United States.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Where can one take English as a Second Language courses in the U.S.?
F: One can take ESL courses in public schools and community colleges.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What do American methods of teaching ESL emphasize?
F: They emphasize communication.
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