中級美國英語與時間有關的常用語
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們學習幾個跟時間有關系的常用語,比方 "準時"on time,"及時" in time, "總是" all the time, "有時候" from time to time, 等等. 另外我們要談美國人的時間觀念, 順便談一談在這套教材里出現(xiàn)過的人物.
首先我們依照慣例聽一段對話, 內(nèi)容是說珍妮早晨起來去跑步, 作運動, 回家路上遇到鮑勃, 兩個人談話的經(jīng)過. 請你注意聽英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Jenny, I haven't seen you for a long time. How have you been?
F: I've been busy, Bob. How are you?
M: I'm fine. You have been running, haven't you? Where do you find the time?
F: It does take a lot of time, but I really enjoy it. Why don't you try it?
M: Well, I think about it from time to time, but it seems like I never have enough time.
F: Speaking of not having enough time, I really need to get home and take a shower. I have a class in an hour. I want to be on time for it.
M: Okay, I'll talk to you some other time.
現(xiàn)在我們聽老師用慢速度再把整段對話念一遍.
M: Jenny, I haven't seen you for a long time. How have you been?
F: I've been busy, Bob. How are you?
M: I'm fine. You have been running, haven't you? Where do you find the time?
F: It does take a lot of time, but I really enjoy it. Why don't you try it?
M: Well, I think about it from time to time, but it seems like I never have enough time.
F: Speaking of not having enough time, I really need to get home and take a shower. I have a class in an hour. I want to be on time for it.
M: Okay, I'll talk to you some other time.
剛才那段對話里包含了許多跟時間有關系的俗語. 現(xiàn)在我把這些有俗語的句子挑出來, 請老師再念一遍給你聽.
M: I haven't seen you for a long time.
M: Where do you find the time?
F: It does take a lot of time.
M: I think about it from time to time.
F: I want to be on time for it.
M: I'll talk to you some other time.
二.ON TIME
現(xiàn)在我們挑出幾個表明時間的常用語分別作練習. 首先我們練習 "準時" 或是"守時" on time, o-n t-i-m-e, on time 的用法. 下面男老師用這個詞組作一些句子說明珍妮很守時, 比方 "珍妮無論作什么事總是想著要準時." Jenny is preoccupied with being on time. "她總是準時赴約會." She is always on time for an appointment. 等等. 請你注意聽男老師念句子, 并且跟女老師一起把句子重復一遍.
M: Jenny wants to be on time for her class.
F: Jenny wants to be on time for her class.
M: She was taught to be on time when she was small.
F: She was taught to be on time when she was small.
M: She feels that being on time is a good habit.
F: She feels that being on time is a good habit.
M: She thinks that being on time is important.
F: She thinks that being on time is important.
M: She is preoccupied with being on time.
F: She is preoccupied with being on time.
M: She is always on time for an appointment.
F: She is always on time for an appointment.
M: She is always on time for work.
F: She is always on time for work.
M: She tells her boss if she cannot be on time for work.
F: She tells her boss if she cannot be on time for work.
M: She wants to be on time because she values time.
F: She wants to be on time because she values time.
下面我們作一組代換練習, 一方面練習 on time 這個詞組,一方面看一看什么樣的人通常比較準時. 練習的作法是老師念一個有從句的問題, 然后老師念另外一個從句, 請你把從句代換到原來的句子里. 這組練習里有些詞匯可能你不熟,比方 "珍貴" precious, "注重時間的" time-oriented, "繁忙的" hectic, "時間表"schedule, "認真地" conscientiously, 請你在作練習的時候特別注意. 每作完一句老師就把正確答案念一遍給你聽. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: Are those who have a watch usually on time?
M: who worry about being late
F: Are those who worry about being late usually on time?
M: who value time
F: Are those who value time usually on time?
M: who consider time precious
F: Are those who consider time precious usually on time?
M: who live in a time-oriented society
F: Are those who live in a time-oriented society usually on time?
M: who have a hectic schedule
F: Are those who have a hectic schedule usually on time?
M: who work conscientiously
F: Are those who work conscientiously usually on time?
三.IN TIME
下面我們練習怎么用 "及時" in time, i-n t-i-m-e, in time 作句子. 練習的作法是鮑勃問珍妮一些問題, 比方"你今天早上趕上那班直達車了嗎?" Did you catch the express bus this morning? 珍妮就用 in time 作肯定的答覆. 請你注意聽.
M: Did you catch the express bus this morning?
F: Yes, I caught it in time.
M: Did you make it to your class?
F: Yes, I made it in time.
M: Did you finish the exam?
F: Yes, I finished it in time.
M: Did you talk to your advisor before he left the office?
F: Yes, I talked to him in time.
M: Did you make it to the doctor's appointment after school?
F: Yes, I made it in time.
M: Did you get home before the traffic hour started?
F: Yes, I got home in time.
下面我們再作一組練習. 首先老師說一句話, 比方: Jenny talked to her advisor just before he left the office. 請你把句子改成: She talked to her advisor in time.這組練習不但提到珍妮還提到其他在這套教材里出現(xiàn)過的人物跟他們做過的一些事情, 希望你還記得.現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習, 每作完一句, 就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Jenny talked to her advisor just before he left his office.
F: She talked to her advisor in time.
M: Bob got back from China the day before the semester started.
F: He got back from China in time.
M: Henry and Kate paid their income tax before it was too late.
F: They paid their income tax in time.
M: Henry and other firemen put out the fire just before it started to spread.
F: They put out the fire in time.
M: Nancy finished typing the fire report an hour before it was due.
F: She finished typing the fire report in time.
M: Kate picked up her car just before the garage close.
F: She picked up her car in time.
M: Peter got into his parents' trailer before it started to rain.
F: He got into his parents' trailer in time.
M: Mary got her graduation cap and gown the day before the graduation ceremony.
F: She got her graduation cap and gown in time.
M: Linda bought a swimming suit for Jenny on the last day of the sale.
F: She bought a swimming suit for Jenny in time.
四.FROM TIME TO TIME
現(xiàn)在我們練習怎么用 from time to time, f-r-o-m t-i-m-e t-o t-i-m-e, from time to time 這個詞組的意思就是 "不時" 或是 "有時候". 下面老師用這個詞組提出一些跟工作有關系的問題, 比方美國人有時候感到工作沉重, 有時候覺得受到時間的束縛等等, 請你一一地作肯定的答覆. 你回答之后老師會把答案再念一遍給你聽.
M: Are Americans preoccupied with their jobs from time to time?
F: Yes, Americans are preoccupied with their jobs from time to time.
M: Do they feel job pressure from time to time?
F: Yes, they feel job pressure from time to time.
M: Do they cope with a hectic schedule from time to time?
F: Yes, they cope with a hectic schedule from time to time.
M: Do they work extra hours from time to time?
F: Yes, they work extra hours from time to time.
M: Do they complain about their jobs from time to time?
F: Yes, they complain about their jobs from time to time.
M: Do they need to relax from time to time?
F: Yes, they need to relax from time to time.
M: Do they need to get away from their jobs from time to time?
F: Yes, they need to get away from their jobs from time to time.
五.ALL THE TIME
下面我們學習怎么用 all the time, a-l-l t-h-e t-i-m-e, all the time. 這個詞組可以用來表示 "總是". 比方: He's always busy. 可以改成: He's busy all the time. 現(xiàn)在老師作一些句子說明在這套教材里出現(xiàn)過的一些人物.比方: Peter doesn't like to wear a watch. He's always late. 學生就把句子改成: Peter doesn't like to wear a watch. He's late all the time. 學生作練習的時候請你也一起作.
M: Jenny is preoccupied with time. She always worries about being late.
F: Jenny is preoccupied with time. She worries about being late all the time.
M: Peter doesn't like to wear a watch. He's always late.
F: Peter doesn't like to wear a watch. He's late all the time.
M: Henry has a hectic schedule. He's always busy.
F: Henry has a hectic schedule. He's busy all the time.
M: Kate is persuasive. Her students always listen to her.
F: Kate is persuasive. Her students listen to her all the time.
M: Bill is a competitive coach. He always talks about winning a game.
F: Bill is a competitive coach. He talks about winning a game all the time.
M: Bob likes politics. He always campaigns for somebody.
F: Bob likes politics. He campaigns for somebody all the time.
M: Nancy has financial problems. She always complains about the high cost of living.
F: Nancy has financial problems. She complains about the high cost of living all the time.
M: Bonnie has psychological problems. She's always upset.
F: Bonnie has psychological problems. She's upset all the time.
六.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章談到美國人很重視時間. 這一點從語言, 生活習慣等等方面都可以看出來. 文章里許多詞匯都是我們剛剛練習過的. 現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
Americans think a great deal about time. They constantly refer to time and the value of keeping busy. From childhood, they learn to value time, and their language reflects this preoccupation with it. As children, they are taught to be on time for events and to do work on time. They learn that the price of committing a crime is to do time in prison. When they are having a good time, they say that time flies; they say sadly of someone who is dying that he is living on borrowed time. From the time of its beginning, American English has reflected this preoccupation with time. Nowhere can this sense of time be seen more clearly than in the working place. Working Americans are bound to the clock. It is a commonly held belief that one should balance work against a set time, for example an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week. Anything over these time limits is overtime, and the worker should receive more money per hour for work done during overtime. Time during nonworking hours is also considered very precious. Whether an American decides on a hectic weekend schedule, when Saturday and Sunday are filled with activities,or on a relaxed weekend,the time will be regarded as valuable. Some Americans feel they have a love / hate relationship with time. They love the comforts that progress has brought through work, but they hate the bondage to the clock and the pressures of a time-oriented society. There is little doubt that many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 回答之后老師會念正確答案給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: What are some of the expressions reflecting Americans' preoccupation with time?
F: To be on time, have a good time, live on borrowed time and to do time are some of the expressions reflecting Americans' preoccupation with time.
第二個問題是:
M: What is overtime?
F: Anything over an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week is overtime.
第三個問題是:
M: Why do many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock?
F: It is because they live in a time-oriented society.
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