中級美國英語動詞詞組（一）
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們練習(xí)幾個由動詞和介詞構(gòu)成的動詞詞組, 比方 "繼續(xù)" keep on, k-e-e-p o-n, keep on. "延遲" put off, p-u-t o-f-f, put off, "放棄" give up, g-i-v-e u-p, give up 等等, 我們還要學(xué)習(xí)由動詞跟動名詞構(gòu)成的動詞詞組, 比方 "考慮參加" consider joining, "停止磋商" stop negotiating 等等.
現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天這一課的對話, 內(nèi)容是說珍妮跟同學(xué)鮑勃談起了大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后要不要上研究院的事情. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Are you going on to graduate school when you get your BA?
F: I've considered going on for a Master's Degree, but I may postpone getting it.
M: Why is that?
F: I think I'd like to work for a while before I start graduate school.
M: I've considered working for a while, but I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
F: Have you considered taking time off to go to China again?
M: I've thought of doing that. If I get a chance, I will. Otherwise, I'll finish the graduate program and then go.
F: With a graduate degree, you will have more opportunities.
現(xiàn)在我請兩位英文老師再把整段對話用慢速度念一遍.
M: Are you going on to graduate school when you get your BA?
F: I've considered going on for a Master's Degree, but I may postpone getting it.
M: Why is that?
F: I think I'd like to work for a while before I start graduate school.
M: I've considered working for a while, but I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
F: Have you considered taking time off to go to China again?
M: I've thought of doing that. If I get a chance, I will. Otherwise, I'll finish the graduate program and then go.
F: With a graduate degree, you will have more opportunities.
下面老師把對話里包含今天要學(xué)的語法的句子用慢速度再念一遍給你聽.
F: I've considered going on for a Master's Degree.
F: I may postpone getting it.
M: I've considered working for a while.
M: I don't want to put off learning Chinese.
F: Have you considered taking time off?
二.BE THINKING OF
聽了上面那些句子, 我想你對我們今天要學(xué)的兩種動詞詞組的用法已經(jīng)有些概念. 第一種就是用上介詞和動名詞的動詞詞組. 下面我們用 is thinking of加上動名詞來表示 "想作什么事", 比方 "珍妮想輟學(xué)". 這句話英文可以這樣說 Jenny is thinking of quitting school. 下面我們作一組練習(xí)看看珍妮想作什么. 由老師念一個句子, 接著老師念一個詞組, 學(xué)生就把詞組代換到原來的句子里. 請你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí).
M: Jenny is thinking of quitting school.
M: selling all her books
F: Jenny is thinking of selling all her books.
M: moving to the east coast
F: Jenny is thinking of moving to the east coast.
M: finding a high paying job there.
F: Jenny is thinking of finding a high paying job there.
M: renting an apartment in the city
F: Jenny is thinking of renting an apartment in the city.
M: buying a car
F: Jenny is thinking of buying a car.
三.用KEEP ON, PUT OFF, GIVE UP做問答練習(xí)
珍妮不想念書, 因為她想搬到東部找份工作.當(dāng)然找工作不容易, 珍妮試了一次可是沒成功, 她是不是應(yīng)該繼續(xù)試呢? 現(xiàn)在我們用keep on, k-e-e-p o-n, keep on加上動名詞作一組練習(xí)說明珍妮應(yīng)該繼續(xù)作什么事. 在這組練習(xí)里你也可以學(xué)到在美國找工作的過程, 比方 " 查找求人的廣告" checking want-ads,"申請工作" applying for jobs. "寄履歷表" mailing resumes 等等. 請你注意聽老師提出的問題, 并且作肯定的答覆. 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Should Jenny keep on trying?
F: Yes, she should keep on trying.
M: Should Jenny keep on looking?
F: Yes, she should keep on looking.
M: Should Jenny keep on checking the want-ads in the newspaper?
F: Yes, she should keep on checking the want-ads in the newspaper.
M: Should Jenny keep on applying for jobs?
F: Yes, she should keep on applying for jobs.
M: Should Jenny keep on writing letters to corporations?
F: Yes, she should keep on writing letters to corporations.
M: Should Jenny keep on mailing her resumes?
F: Yes, she should keep on mailing her resumes.
鮑勃想到中國去念書和教書. 為了這么作他必須把其他計劃, 比方 " 念碩士學(xué)位" working for a master's degree. "念國際法" studying international laws," 作一星期四十小時的工作" taking a full-time job 等等往后延. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí), 用 "延期" put off, p-u-t o-f-f, put off 加上動名詞作一些句子, 一方面練習(xí)語法, 一方面練習(xí)詞匯. 現(xiàn)在請你注意聽老師問問題. 并且作肯定的答覆. 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Will Bob put off going to graduate school?
F: Yes, he will put off going to graduate school.
M: Will he put off studying international laws?
F: Yes, he will put off studying international laws.
M: Will he put off working for a master's degree?
F: Yes, he will put off working for a master's degree.
M: Will he put off taking a full time job?
F: Yes, he will put off taking a full time job.
M: Will he put off touring the United States?
F: Yes, he will put off touring the United States.
下面我們用 "放棄" give up, g-i-v-e u-p, give up 加上動名詞作句子,看看鮑勃為了到中國去是不是應(yīng)該放棄他的一些個人喜好, 比方抽煙, 畫畫兒等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師提出一個問題, 學(xué)生就根據(jù)問題作否定的答覆.學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候請你也一起作.
M: Does he have to give up smoking?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up smoking.
M: Does he have to give up studying?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up studying.
M: Does he have to give up traveling?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up traveling.
M: Does he have to give up painting?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up painting.
M: Does he have to give up playing tennis?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up playing tennis.
M: Does he have to give up camping?
F: No, he doesn't have to give up camping.
四.SUCCEEDED IN
珍妮和鮑勃大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后都暫時不想繼續(xù)念研究院. 可是在美國許多大學(xué)生在大三, 大四的時候就已經(jīng)想好了將來要念哪個研究院; 美國許多研究院也不斷地改善設(shè)施, 提高學(xué)生人數(shù).下面我們作一組練習(xí)用succeeded in, s-u-c- c-e-e-d-e-d i-n, succeeded in 加上動名詞作一些過去時態(tài)句子, 說明學(xué)校當(dāng)局成功地作了什么事, 比方 "使教學(xué)設(shè)備現(xiàn)代化" updating teaching equipment."籌募私人贈款" raising private donations, "消除預(yù)算赤字" eliminating budget deficit 等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師先念一個句子, 接著老師念一個詞組, 你就把詞組代換到原來的句子里, 每作完一句, 就請你聽老師把句子再念一遍.
M: The university administration succeeded in increasing student enrollment.
M: improving school facilities
F: The university administration succeeded in improving school facilities.
M: updating teaching equipment
F: The university administration succeeded in updating teaching equipment
M: raising private donations
F: The university administration succeeded in raising private donations.
M: eliminating budget deficit
F: The university administration succeeded in eliminating budget deficit.
五.動詞加動名詞
下面我們學(xué)習(xí)動詞加上動名詞的用法. 在上一課里, 我們學(xué)過一個英文句子里如果有兩個動詞都是說明同一個主語的時候必須在兩個動詞之間加上 to, 比方 I want to study 等等. 不過有些動詞例外, 比方 "延遲" postpone, "考慮"consider, "停止" quit, "后悔" regret,"恢復(fù)" resume 等等. 要在這些動詞后面再加一個動詞的時候必須把第二個動詞改成動名詞, 比方 consider going, quit smoking, resume studying 等等.
現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí)學(xué)學(xué)這種詞組. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是跟學(xué)校有關(guān)系的, 比方學(xué)校當(dāng)局延遲提高學(xué)費, 教師工會后悔組織罷工等等.練習(xí)的作法是老師提出一個問題,你就作肯定的答覆. 比方老師說: Did the professors regret organizing a strike? 你就回答說: Yes, they regretted organizing a strike.
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Did the administration postpone raising tuition?
F: Yes, it postponed raising tuition.
M: Did the administration postpone cutting salaries?
F: Yes, it postponed cutting salaries.
M: Did the administration consider improving school facilitis?
F: Yes, it considered improving school facilities.
M: Did the administration consider updating teaching equipment?
F: Yes, it considered updating teaching equipment.
M: Has the administration quit negotiating with the teachers' union?
F: Yes, it has quit negotiating with the teachers' union.
M: Has the administration quit bargaining with the teachers' union?
F: Yes, it has quit bargaining with the teachers' union.
M: Did the professors regret organizing a strike?
F: Yes, they regretted organizing a strike.
M: Did the professors regret missing classes?
F: Yes, they regretted missing classes.
M: Have the professors resumed teaching yet?
F: Yes, they have resumed teaching.
M: Have the students resumed attending classes yet?
F: Yes, they have resumed attending classes.
六.聽短文回答問題
現(xiàn)在我請英文老師念一篇介紹美國研究院的文章. 這篇文章談到美國學(xué)生為什么要念研究院.現(xiàn)在請你注意聽, 等一會兒, 我們要根據(jù)文章問你幾個問題.
Most American university students study for four years or more to get a college degree. During this time, they are called undergraduate students. When a student completes his courses, he earns a bachelor degree which will help him find a job. Many students postpone finding jobs. They stay at the university and work for a higher degree. Other studens take a job for a few years. Then they quit working, and they resume studying at the university. These students work to earn higher degrees; a master's or a doctorate. They are called graduate students. Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study. They study to become experts in this field and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes when they get an M. A. in one field they begin studying another field. They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees they will succeed in finding important jobs. They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education. Some give up studying before they get their degrees. But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's world, most graduate students don't regret spending time with their studies. They are finding that things are changing very fast. New developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has become a necessity.
現(xiàn)在老師先把等一會兒要問你的問題念一遍給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: What degrees do graduate students work to earn?
第二個問題是:
M: Why do people go to graduate school?
第三個問題是:
M: Why has graduate study become necessary for many people nowadays?
現(xiàn)在我請英文老師再把整篇文章用慢速度念一遍給你聽.
Most American university students study for four years or more to get a college degree. During this time, they are called undergraduate students. When a student completes his courses, he earns a bachelor degree which will help him find a job. Many students postpone finding jobs. They stay at the university and work for a higher degree. Other studens take a job for a few years. Then they quit working, and they resume studying at the university. These students work to earn higher degrees; a master's or a doctorate. They are called graduate students. Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study. They study to become experts in this field and to learn new advances in their fields while they earn an M.A. or Ph.D. Sometimes when they get an M. A. in one field they begin studying another field. They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees they will succeed in finding important jobs. They hope to get jobs that are interesting and high paying. The life of a graduate student is often difficult. They are usually too busy studying to make a good living. Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education. Some give up studying before they get their degrees. But most keep on working at their studies until they graduate. In today's world, most graduate students don't regret spending time with their studies. They are finding that things are changing very fast. New developments are occurring in all fields. For many graduate study has become a necessity.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 回答之后, 老師會念正確答案給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: What degree do graduate students work to earn?
F: They work to earn a master's or a doctorate.
第二個問題是:
M: Why do people go to graduate school?
F: They hope to find important interesting and high paying jobs with their degrees.
第三個問題是:
M: Why has graduate study become necessary for many people nowadays?
F: It is necessary because of changes and new developments in all fields.
