中級美國英語復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài), 同時也要學(xué)習(xí)一些醫(yī)藥方面的詞匯.首先我們聽一段對話, 內(nèi)容是說凱特和亨利談到醫(yī)藥保險(xiǎn)的事情. 請你注意英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
F: Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
F: I sure do. The hospital bill for that was over three thousand dollars; and how much did the doctor charge us?
M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
F: And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
現(xiàn)在我們來聽英文老師用慢速度把對話再念一遍.
F: Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
F: Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
F: I sure do. The hospital bill for that was over three thousand dollars; and how much did the doctor charge us?
M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
F: And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
下面老師再把對話里的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)句子念一遍.
F: The cost has increased again.
M: We have had two increases this year.
F: Medical care has been so expensive lately.
M: I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.
二.現(xiàn)在完成式
從上面那些句子你可以聽出來, 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)是用 has 或是 have加上動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成的. 這種時態(tài)可以用來表示 "經(jīng)驗(yàn)",比方 "我得過心臟病" I have had a heart attack 等等; 在問句里人們常常用 ever, e-v-e-r, ever 和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)問別人從過去到現(xiàn)在是不是有過某種經(jīng)驗(yàn), 比方: "你輸過血嗎?" Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
下面我們作一組代換練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)這類句子.練習(xí)的作法是由老師問你一個問題,比方 "你檢查過身體嗎?" Have you ever had a health check-up? 接著老師念一個字或詞, 比方 "驗(yàn)血" a blood test, 你就把這個詞代換到原來的句子里. 在作練習(xí)的時候你可以學(xué)到不少跟醫(yī)療或疾病有關(guān)系的字或詞, 比方 "手術(shù)" an operation, "X光" an x-ray, "癌癥" cancer, "小兒麻痹" polio, "肺病" tuberculosis 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句, 老師就把正確答案念一遍給你聽.
M: Have you ever had a health check-up?
M: a blood test
F: Have you ever had a blood test?
M: a blood transfusion
F: Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
M: an operation.
F: Have you ever had an operation?
M: an x-ray
F: Have you ever had an x-ray?
M: serious diseases
F: Have you ever had serious diseases?
M: high blood pressure
F: Have you ever had high blood pressure?
M: a heart attack
F: Have you ever had a heart attack?
M: cancer
F: Have you ever had cancer?
M: polio
F: Have you ever had polio?
M: tuberculosis
F: Have you ever had tuberculosis?
M: medical treatment
F: Have you ever had medical treatment?
M: medical care
F: Have you ever had medical care?
剛才那些問題都可以換一個方式問, 比方護(hù)士問亨利: "你從來沒有得過高血壓, 不是嗎?" You have never had high blood pressure, have you? 就是一個例子.下面我們作一組練習(xí), 一方面復(fù)習(xí)時態(tài), 一方面復(fù)習(xí)我們剛才學(xué)的新詞匯.請你注意聽護(hù)士問亨利問題; 這些問題亨利都一一地作否定的答覆, 在亨利回答的時候, 請你也一起回答.
F: You have never had polio, have you?
M: No, I've never had polio.
F: You have never had tuberculosis, have you?
M: No, I've never had tuberculosis.
F: You have never had high blood pressure, have you?
M: No, I've never had high blood pressure.
F: You have never had a heart attack, have you?
M: No, I've never had a heart attack.
F: You have never had cancer, have you?
M: No, I've never had cancer.
F: You have never had serious diseases, have you?
M: No, I've never had serious diseases.
F: You have never had a long term illness, have you?
M: No, I've never had a long term illness.
下面我們作一組練習(xí)比較現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)跟過去時態(tài). 以前我們學(xué)過過去時態(tài)是用來表示在過去一個特定時間發(fā)生的事情; 而現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用來表示到目前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情, 并不表明特定的時間. 在作下面這組練習(xí)的時候你會聽到醫(yī)生用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)問凱特作過某些事情沒有, 這些問題凱特都一一的作肯定的答覆, 并且用過去時態(tài)補(bǔ)充說明事情發(fā)生的確定時間是 "上個月". 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí),在凱特回答問題的時候也請你一起回答:
M: You have had a health check-up lately, haven't you?
F: Yes, I have had a health check-up. I had it last month.
M: You have had a blood test lately, haven't you?
F: Yes, I have had a blood test. I had it last month.
M: You have had an x-ray lately, haven't you?
F: Yes, I have had an x-ray. I had it last month.
M: You have had an operation lately, haven't you?
F: Yes, I have had an operation. I had it last month.
M: You have had a blood transfusion lately, haven't you?
F: Yes, I have had a blood transfusion. I had it last month.
下面一組練習(xí)還是比較過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài). 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說到醫(yī)學(xué)上的成就. 首先你會聽到男老師念一個被動語態(tài)的過去時態(tài)句子, 比方: "去年有許多人住院." Many people were hospitalized last year. 接著女老師就用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)把句子改成 "從那以后有更多人住院." More people have been hospitalized since then. 這組練習(xí)里有些詞匯你可能不太熟, 比方 "實(shí)驗(yàn)"experiment, "技術(shù)" technique, "意外" accident, "避免" prevent, "成就"achievement 等等, 請你在聽老師念句子的時候一面注意時態(tài)的變化, 一面注意這些詞匯. 現(xiàn)在我們開始.
M: Many people were hospitalized last year.
F: More people have been hospitalized since then.
M: Many people were treated last year.
F: More people have been treated since then.
M: Many people were saved last year.
F: More people have been saved since then.
M: Medical experiments were done last year.
F: More medical experiments have been done since then.
M: Modern techniques were learned last year.
F: More modern techniques have been learned since then.
M: Some accidents were prevented last year.
F: More accidents have been prevented since then.
M: A lot of patients were cured last year.
F: More patients have been cured since then.
M: Several hospitals were built last year.
F: More hospitals have been built since then.
M: Medical achievements were made last year.
F: More medical achievements have been made since then.
現(xiàn)在我們再來復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài). 下面一組練習(xí)是由老師用疑問詞提出被動語態(tài)問句,接著老師念出一個詞組,請你用老師給你的詞組來回答問題. 每回答一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: What have been done?
M: medical experiments
F: Medical experiments have been done.
M: What have been learned?
M: modern techniques
F: Modern techniques have been learned.
M: What have been prevented?
M: some diseases
F: Some diseases have been prevented.
M: What have been built?
M: several hospitals
F: Several hospitals have been built.
M: What have been made?
M: medical achievements
F: Medical achievements have been made.
在今天這一課的對話里, 亨利和凱特談到了去年彼得住院的事情. 下面這組代 換練習(xí)的內(nèi)容就是說到彼得去年在醫(yī)院的時候, 那家醫(yī)院設(shè)備非常好, 他的醫(yī)藥保險(xiǎn)所包括的項(xiàng)目很周全等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師先念一個句子, 接著老師提出一個名詞或是形容詞, 請你把你所聽到的代換到句子里適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤? 在這一組練習(xí)里你可以學(xué)到一些有用的詞匯,比方"醫(yī)院設(shè)備"hospital equipment,"保險(xiǎn)范圍" insurance coverage, "保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)" insurance premium 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句還是請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: The hospital equipment was excellent.
M: medical treatment
F: The medical treatment was excellent.
M: insurance coverage
F: The insurance coverage was excellent.
M: expensive
F: The insurance coverage was expensive.
M: insurance policy
F: The insurance policy was expensive.
M: doctor's fee
F: The doctor's fee was expensive.
M: hospital's bill
F: The hospital's bill was expensive.
M: paid
F: The hospital's bill was paid.
M: last insurance premium
F: The last insurance premium was paid.
下面一組代換練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說目前醫(yī)藥費(fèi)上漲了, 醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院費(fèi)用, 甚至健康保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)都提高了, 不過醫(yī)院設(shè)施和醫(yī)護(hù)人員也增加了. 請你在學(xué)生作代換練習(xí)的時候也還是一起作.
M: Medical expenses have increased.
M: doctor's fees
F: Doctor's fees have increased.
M: hospital charges
F: Hospital charges have increased.
M: health insurance costs
F: Health insurance costs have increased.
M: hospital facilities
F: Hospital facilities have increased.
M: hospital employees
F: Hospital employees have increased.
三.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章說到美國的醫(yī)學(xué)成就和醫(yī)藥保險(xiǎn). 比方美國很多私人公司為員工設(shè)立了保健計(jì)劃; 一般人也可以按月交保費(fèi)給保險(xiǎn)公司, 有大病的時候醫(yī)藥費(fèi)用由保險(xiǎn)公司來負(fù)責(zé).另外還有一些大的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu) 辦的健康保險(xiǎn),會員也是按月交保費(fèi), 有重病的時候就在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)附設(shè)的醫(yī)院治療, 費(fèi)用由醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé). 至于年老貧困的人, 政府也有醫(yī)藥照顧計(jì)劃.現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive. Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.
剛才那篇文章你都聽懂了嗎? 如果沒有, 等一會兒你還有機(jī)會聽. 現(xiàn)在老師先把今天測驗(yàn)的三個問題念一遍.
第一個問題是:
M: What have American medical scientists done?
第二個問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for health costs?
第三個問題是:
M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?
現(xiàn)在我們再聽英文老師用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍, 請你特別注意剛才那三個問題的答案.
Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive. Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 每回答一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
第一個問題是:
M: What have American medical scientists done?
F: They have found cures and prevention for some diseases and they have learned about others.
第二個問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for health costs?
F: They pay with health plans and health insurance.
第三個問題是:
M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?
F: Older people, poor people and people with long term illness are helped.
