電腦英語Database Management System 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)
[00:00.00]聽力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 9 Database Management System
[00:03.07]第九章 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)
[00:06.14]Dialogue 1
[00:07.82]句型1
[00:09.51]A:Hey ,Greg , Check out my new wallpaper!
[00:12.43]嘿，Greg，看一下我屏幕的新背景畫面！
[00:15.36]I scanned a bunch of pictures from our trip to Hawaii last summer.
[00:18.60]我把去年夏天到夏威夷旅游的一堆照片掃了進去。
[00:21.84]B:I like it .But it must take up a lot of memory.
[00:24.35]不錯嘛，可是一定占了不少的硬盤空間。
[00:26.85]A: It's not too bad , Besides I've got a 20 Gig hard drive.so I've got plenty of room
[00:30.55]還好，再說我的硬盤容量有20G，所以還有不少的空間。
[00:34.25]Dialogue 2
[00:35.66]句型2
[00:37.07]A:Something is wrong with my computer screen.
[00:39.63]我的電腦屏幕有點不對勁。
[00:42.19]Everything looks yellow.
[00:44.84]一切都變黃了。
[00:47.49]B:Try wiggling the cable that attaches it to your computer.
[00:51.00]把連接電腦的那條線搖搖看。
[00:54.52]A: Hey , it worked!
[00:55.75]嘿，好了！
[00:56.97]B: Sometimes that happens when the cable gets old and the connection isn't as good.
[01:01.00]有時候電線老化，接觸不良時就會這樣。
[01:05.02]Dilogue 3
[01:07.03]句型3
[01:09.04]A:I keep getting so much spam in my e-mail.
[01:12.24]我不斷收到大量的電子垃圾郵件。
[01:15.44]What can I do about it?
[01:16.76]有什么辦法嗎？
[01:18.08]B: If your account has filters, you can block certain senders,or re-route mail with certain content to a different folder.
[01:25.62]如果你的帳號有過濾器，就可以擋掉一下，不然就把某些內(nèi)容的郵件改投至另一個文件夾。
[01:33.15]A:I think my account does have filters, I'll have to check that out.
[01:36.67]我想我的帳號是有過濾器的，我來查查看。
[01:40.18]Dialogue 4
[01:41.86]句型4
[01:43.55]A: You're going to be gone for 3 weeks?
[01:45.87]你將離開三個星期是不是？
[01:48.20]B:That's right.
[01:49.52]是的。
[01:50.84]A:You'll have a lot of e-mail to catch up with when you get back.
[01:53.67]等你回來時一定有一大堆e-mail等著你。
[01:56.51]B:Actually, I'll have all my mail forwarded to a web-based account while I'm gone.
[02:00.62]其實，我不在的時候，我會將所有郵件都轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)基地賬戶內(nèi)。
[02:04.73]That way, I can keep up with it anywhere I can get on the Internet.
[02:08.16]這樣的話，不論人走到哪里，只要上得了網(wǎng)就可以隨時讀取了。
[02:11.58]passage Database Management System
[02:14.18]數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)
[02:16.78]professional Terms
[02:18.51]專業(yè)術(shù)語
[02:20.25]administrator n.
[02:22.12]管理人
[02:23.99]afford vt.
[02:25.40]有力
[02:26.81]appropriate a.
[02:28.45]適當?shù)?br />
[02:30.10]cabinet n.
[02:31.93]柜，箱
[02:33.76]comprehensive a.
[02:36.13]綜合性的
[02:38.51]corporate a.
[02:40.25]集團的，公司的
[02:41.99]cross-referenced a.
[02:44.09]可相互參照的
[02:46.19]extract vt.
[02:48.24]提取
[02:50.29]folder n.
[02:52.03]文件夾
[02:53.77]item n.
[02:55.50]項目，物品
[02:57.24]order v.
[02:59.11]定購
[03:00.98]participate v.
[03:03.12]參與
[03:05.26]payment n.
[03:07.22]支付（的款項）
[03:09.18]picture vt.
[03:10.92]描寫
[03:12.65]relevant a.
[03:14.57]相關(guān)的
[03:16.49]request n.
[03:18.27]請求
[03:20.05]sort vt.
[03:21.78]分類，排序，揀選
[03:23.52]specialist n.
[03:25.48]專家
[03:27.44]unpaid a.
[03:29.40]未付的
[03:31.36]A database is a large group of stored, integrated ( cross-referenced )data.
[03:34.87]一個數(shù)據(jù)庫就是一大組存儲起來的、集成的（可相互參照）的數(shù)據(jù)。
[03:38.38]usually organized in files that can be retrieved and manipulated to produce information.
[03:42.13]通常它們被組織在文件中，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以通過檢索與操作變換，以產(chǎn)生信息。
[03:45.88]A database management system(DBMS) is a comprehensive software tool that allows users to create.
[03:51.41]一個數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）是一個綜合性的軟件工具，用戶可以用來建立、
[03:56.93]maintain ,and manipulate the database to produce the relevant management information.
[04:00.90]維護和操縱數(shù)據(jù)庫，以便產(chǎn)生有關(guān)的管理信息。
[04:04.87]By integrated we mean that the file records are logically related to one another so that all data on a topic can be retrieved by simple requests
[04:11.77]通過集成（我們所說的集成是指文件記錄邏輯上的彼此關(guān)聯(lián)起來），從而使得關(guān)于某個題目的全部數(shù)據(jù)，可以通過簡單的請求加以檢索。
[04:18.66]The database management systems software represents the interface between the user and the computer's operating system and database.
[04:25.25]數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)相當于用戶、計算機操作系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的接口。
[04:31.83]Picture a typical corporate office with a desk , chairs ,telephone and a row of file cabinents along the wall.
[04:37.17]現(xiàn)在來描繪一個典型的公司辦公室，室內(nèi)有桌子、椅子、電話及靠墻的一排文件柜。
[04:42.51]A wide variety of business data is stored in these cabinets.
[04:45.17]在文件柜中，存有品種繁多的各類商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)。
[04:47.82]If the files have been carefully organized and maintained then any piece of data that needs to be retrieved can quickly be located and removed.
[04:54.07]如果文件已經(jīng)進行了仔細發(fā)組織與保管，那么任何一條數(shù)據(jù)，可以很快地找到并取出。
[05:00.33]However ,if the data has not been properly filed, some time and effort will be expended to find it.
[05:05.08]但是如果數(shù)據(jù)沒有經(jīng)過任何合適的存檔，要找到該條數(shù)據(jù)所花費的時間和精力就會加大。
[05:09.84]And ,regardless of how carefully the files have been organized and maintained, you will always need to retrieve related pieces of data.
[05:15.27]而且無論文件是經(jīng)過了多么細心地組織與保管，總需要檢索與該數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的部分。
[05:20.71]For example ,suppose you need to review the customer files for all invoices for payments due in excess of $2,500 and prepare a simple report.
[05:28.11]舉例說，假定你需要檢查超過2，5000美元的全部到期應(yīng)付款發(fā)貨票的顧客文件，并需要準備出一份報告。
[05:35.52]notes
[05:36.56]注意事項
[05:37.61]How would you accomplish this task?
[05:39.29]你該如何完成這項任務(wù)？
[05:40.98]First ,you would probably go through the customer files in alphabetical order, foler by folder.
[05:44.91]第一，你可能要按字母順序仔細檢查顧客文件，一個文件夾接著一個文件夾去查。
[05:48.84]You would examine each invoice in the folders to determine if the amount is in excess of $2,500 and remove and copy each invoice that meets the criterion.
[05:57.16]你還要查看文件夾內(nèi)的每個發(fā)貨票，以便確定其數(shù)額是否超過2500美元，對于滿足要求的每個發(fā)貨票要取出并加以復(fù)印。
[06:05.48]You would then have to refill the copies you removed (and risk misfiling the
[06:12.43]When you had examined all the customer folders and copied all the appropriate invoices.
[06:15.90]然后你還必須把取出的部分重新歸檔（注意有歸錯檔的危險），
[06:19.38]you would then review the copies and put together your report.
[06:22.30]當你檢查了全部顧客文件夾并復(fù)印了全部需要復(fù)印的發(fā)貨票，
[06:25.23]Imagine how much time this would take.
[06:27.33]可以設(shè)想一下，做這些工作要花去多少時間。
[06:29.43]If there are a lot of customers, you would need to spend hours if not days.
[06:32.67]如果有大量顧客時，即使無需花好幾天，也需要花好幾個小時吧。
[06:35.91]Now let's look at the situation in a different way.
[06:38.11]現(xiàn)在我們用另一種方式來研究這個問題。
[06:40.30]The environment is the same , except that ,instead of file cabinets.
[06:43.27]環(huán)境情況不變以，只是取代文件柜的是，
[06:46.23]you have a microcomputer or a terminal and DBMS software that has access to a customer database file as shown in the following .
[06:53.40]你有了一臺微型機或一臺終端，以及可以訪問顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫的DBMS軟件，這個顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫文件如下面所示。
[07:00.57]In this file a row of customer data is referred to as a record, and an individual piece of data within a record ,such as a name ,is referred to as a field.
[07:07.92]在文件中，每一排顧客數(shù)據(jù)稱為一個記錄，記錄內(nèi)的單獨數(shù)據(jù)段（如姓名）則稱為一個字段。
[07:15.28]To get the invoice data you need, you would do something like this.
[07:18.33]為了獲得你所需的發(fā)貨票數(shù)據(jù)，你總要做如下一些事情。
[07:21.39]Turn on the computer and the printer.
[07:23.81]啟動計算機及打印機。
[07:26.22]start up the DBMS software
[07:28.24]啟動DBMS軟件。
[07:30.25]Give the command to open up the customer database file stored on your disk ,which is similar in concept to manually opening up the customer file in a filing cabinet.
[07:38.20]發(fā)出命令，以便“打開”存儲在磁盤中的顧客數(shù)據(jù)庫文件，從概念上講“打開”既類似于用手打開文件柜中的顧客文件。
[07:46.16]Give the command to search all the records in the database file and display copies of the records that meet your criterion.
[07:51.92]發(fā)出命令，以便搜索查找數(shù)據(jù)庫文件中的全部記錄，并顯示合乎要求的記錄內(nèi)容。
[07:57.68]that is the names of people with unpaid invoices greater than $2,500.
[08:01.46]（即，發(fā)貨票總金額超過2500元未付款人的姓名）。
[08:05.25]If you were using dBASE IV , a popular microcomputer DBMS ,the command would look something like.
[08:11.05]如果你一直使用的是Dbase 1v（一種在微機上使用的著名的DBMS），則命令會是：
[08:16.85]If you were using SQL( Structured Query Language) the command would look like this.
[08:20.82]如果你一直使用SQL（結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言），則命令會是：
[08:24.79]In response to this command ,all the records in the file that have an invoice amount greater than $2,500 will be listed on the screen.
[08:31.60]作為這些命令的回答，在文件的全部記錄中，凡是多于2500元的發(fā)貨票，均將在屏幕上顯示出來。
[08:38.40]The SQL command would also sort the listing into order by name.
[08:41.87]（SQL命令將挑選的發(fā)貨票按姓名進行排序）。
[08:45.35]This whole procedure would take perhaps only five minutes or less.
[08:48.31]全部過程可能只需要5分鐘，甚至更少。
[08:51.28]The DBMS is a software tool designed to manage a large number of integrated ,share electronic file cabinets.
[08:57.08]DBMS是一種軟件工具，可用來管理許多綜合的、共享的電子“文件柜”。
[09:02.88]You describe the type of data you wish to store.
[09:04.98]由你來描述要存儲的數(shù)據(jù)類型，
[09:07.08]and the DBMS is responsible for creating the database file(s).
[09:10.50]而DBMS則負責(zé)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫文件并提供一種易于使用的機制，
[09:13.93]and providing an easy to use mechanism for storing ,retrieving and manipulating the data.
[09:18.59]以便對數(shù)據(jù)存儲、檢索和操縱。
[09:23.25]In small businesses, databases may be both created and operated by the user.
[09:27.31]在小的企業(yè)中，數(shù)據(jù)庫可能是由使用者本人建立和操作。
[09:31.38]In moderate to large size business with extensive computer systems.
[09:34.98]在擁有大量計算機系統(tǒng)的中型到大型企業(yè)，
[09:38.59]the corporate database is usually created by technical information speciallists, such as the database administrator.
[09:44.07]公司數(shù)據(jù)庫通常是由信息技術(shù)專家（如數(shù)據(jù)庫管理人員）所建立，
[09:49.56]but the database management system is acquired by the information systems department.
[09:53.44]但數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)卻是由信息系統(tǒng)部門所獲得。
[09:57.32]Users generate and extract data stored by the database management system.
[10:00.97]數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)所存儲的數(shù)據(jù)是由使用者產(chǎn)生并提取。
[10:04.63]As with systems analysis and design.
[10:06.68]正如系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計一樣。
[10:08.73]to design a database the organization must describe its informational needs to the designers and specify the type of data needed,
[10:14.90]為了設(shè)計一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，企業(yè)組織必須向設(shè)計者描述其需要，并規(guī)定所需數(shù)據(jù)的類型。
[10:21.06]Users participate heavily in this process of defining what information needs to be stored in the database.
[10:26.09]在規(guī)定數(shù)據(jù)庫需要存儲哪些信息需要的過程中，使用者要參與大量的工作。
[10:31.12]Since the early 1980s, tremendous advances have been made in developing database management systems for microcomputers.
[10:37.10]自從二十世紀八十年代早期以來，在開發(fā)微型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)方面，已經(jīng)取得了驚人的進步。
[10:43.08]They are now easy enough for users to learn to operate without assistance and powerful enough to produce valuable management information.
[10:48.97]在無人幫助下，這種數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)極易被使用者學(xué)習(xí)使用，在產(chǎn)生有價值的管理信息方面，也極為有力。
[10:54.86]Regardless of whether you're in a large or a small business ,you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide.
[11:01.21]無論你是在一個大企業(yè)或小企業(yè)里，如果沒有DBMS提供的作用，你將無能為力。
[11:07.56]Notes
[11:08.42]注意事項
[11:09.28]Regardless of whether you're in a larger or a small business ,you cannot afford to do without the capabilities that a DBMS can provide.
[11:14.77]無論你是在一個大企業(yè)或小企業(yè)里，如果沒有DBMS提供的作用，你將無能為力。
