二、四六級(jí)段落題中常見(jiàn)的重要信息提示語(yǔ)
聽(tīng)者在聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中要積極思維、快速反應(yīng)，特別要注意表示句與句之間關(guān)系的信息提示語(yǔ)，并借此發(fā)現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定重要信息。聽(tīng)者要想從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握篇章，就要順著指示語(yǔ)預(yù)期何時(shí)可能開(kāi)始談?wù)撘粋€(gè)話(huà)題、何時(shí)出現(xiàn)講述的重點(diǎn)以及何時(shí)可能轉(zhuǎn)換話(huà)題，請(qǐng)注意以下的信息提示語(yǔ)。
1. 數(shù)字信息及相關(guān)事實(shí)：普通數(shù)字、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比、價(jià)格、比率、年代、時(shí)刻
1)The earth's crust is divided into seven sections.
2)There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.
3)A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.
4)Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.
5)I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.
6)Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.
7)Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.
2. 因果關(guān)系提示語(yǔ)(原因?yàn)榭疾辄c(diǎn))
1)因?yàn)?，由于?歸因于(原因在后)
as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…, thanks to…, attribute…to…
2)導(dǎo)致，引起，成為…原因(原因在前)
…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…
3)因此，所以(原因在前)
…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…
3. 觀(guān)點(diǎn)提出及列舉
1)觀(guān)點(diǎn)論題的提出：
Today, I'm going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……
My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……
The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……
Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……
When it comes to……
2)話(huà)題的另外一個(gè)方面或反面
Another point I want to mention is ……
In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…
On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in...
3)列舉話(huà)題的各個(gè)方面
First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……
To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally….
In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way….
Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least….
On the one hand… ... On the other hand….
For one thing…... For another….
4)話(huà)題結(jié)束的總結(jié)語(yǔ)
In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……
4. 論說(shuō)文主題關(guān)鍵詞
1)名詞
The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……
2)動(dòng)詞
point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean
3)形容詞(所有形容詞的最高級(jí)形式)
important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare
4)其它特殊表達(dá)方式
the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact
