2008年6月四級預測卷聽力（星火）第6課

Model Test Six
Part Ⅲ
Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.
At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a pause.
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
After each question there will be a pause.
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),
and decide which is the best answer.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
and decide which is the best answer.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Now, let’s begin with the eight short conversations.
with a single line through the centre.
Now, let’s begin with the eight short conversations.
11. W: Hey, Mark, have you been able to sell your old piano yet?
M: Ah, you were right,
11. W: Hey, Mark, have you been able to sell your old piano yet?
M: Ah, you were right,
just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn’t enough.
I think I’ll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.
just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn’t enough.
I think I’ll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.
Q: What are the two people talking about?
12. M: Have you seen that girl sitting over there?
Q: What are the two people talking about?
12. M: Have you seen that girl sitting over there?
She looks like the girl whose photo is in the newspaper.
W: But it is said that the missing girl had black hair.
She looks like the girl whose photo is in the newspaper.
W: But it is said that the missing girl had black hair.
Her hair is red, I’d rather say.
Q: Why are they interested in that girl?
Her hair is red, I’d rather say.
Q: Why are they interested in that girl?
13. M: I wish I didn’t have to make a special trip
to the post office to get my package.
13. M: I wish I didn’t have to make a special trip
to the post office to get my package.
W: Well, if you call them in the morning,
they’ll give your package to your mail carrier to bring it to you.
W: Well, if you call them in the morning,
they’ll give your package to your mail carrier to bring it to you.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
14. M: Since I came here,
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
14. M: Since I came here,
I’ve had to stay up most of the night for the last few days.
No matter what time I go to bed,
I’ve had to stay up most of the night for the last few days.
No matter what time I go to bed,
I always wake up in the middle of the night.
W: Your biological rhythms probably haven’t adjusted to the time schedule here.
I always wake up in the middle of the night.
W: Your biological rhythms probably haven’t adjusted to the time schedule here.
Q: What is the man’s trouble?
15. W: Will Jim be able to come to the meeting?
Q: What is the man’s trouble?
15. W: Will Jim be able to come to the meeting?
M: I don’t know yet. When I phoned just now,
his friend said he had taken his girlfriend out to the movies.
M: I don’t know yet. When I phoned just now,
his friend said he had taken his girlfriend out to the movies.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
16. M: Professor Linda,
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
16. M: Professor Linda,
we were wondering if we could sit in on your English class.
W: I wish I could say yes, but if I accepted you two,
we were wondering if we could sit in on your English class.
W: I wish I could say yes, but if I accepted you two,
I wouldn’t know how to say no to a lot of others who have made the same request.
Q: What does the woman mean?
I wouldn’t know how to say no to a lot of others who have made the same request.
Q: What does the woman mean?
17. M: I hear restaurants that specialize in food
from one particular country can be very expensive.
17. M: I hear restaurants that specialize in food
from one particular country can be very expensive.
W: You’re right in a way.
But they can range widely in cost from inexpensive to very expensive.
W: You’re right in a way.
But they can range widely in cost from inexpensive to very expensive.
Q: What does the woman think of such restaurants?
18. M: As usual, the lecture hall is in a complete mess this afternoon.
Q: What does the woman think of such restaurants?
18. M: As usual, the lecture hall is in a complete mess this afternoon.
Newspapers, soda cans, used tissues, all of them, just thrown all over the floor.
I can’t understand how people can be so thoughtless.
Newspapers, soda cans, used tissues, all of them, just thrown all over the floor.
I can’t understand how people can be so thoughtless.
W: Well, your professor should have the authority to get something done about it.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
W: Well, your professor should have the authority to get something done about it.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
Now you’ll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
M: Ah, Miss Lynn, Miss Catherine Lynn isn't it?
Well, now let me see. You're a graduate of Columbia, aren't you?
M: Ah, Miss Lynn, Miss Catherine Lynn isn't it?
Well, now let me see. You're a graduate of Columbia, aren't you?
In marketing? So why do you want to work in publishing?
Is this really your kind of job?
In marketing? So why do you want to work in publishing?
Is this really your kind of job?
W: I think the job of marketing executive in a company of this sort
is very much my sort of job.
W: I think the job of marketing executive in a company of this sort
is very much my sort of job.
I'm not a graduate yet, though, my final exams begin in June.
M: Yes, well, all right. How much do you know about what we do?
I'm not a graduate yet, though, my final exams begin in June.
M: Yes, well, all right. How much do you know about what we do?
I mean, publishing business books? Any experience of that at all?
It doesn't look like it from what you say in your letter.
I mean, publishing business books? Any experience of that at all?
It doesn't look like it from what you say in your letter.
What sort of place was it that you worked in last summer, as a,
what did you say, a sales lady?
What sort of place was it that you worked in last summer, as a,
what did you say, a sales lady?
W: It was a department store. I said so in my letter.
M: Oh yes, I see, well,
W: It was a department store. I said so in my letter.
M: Oh yes, I see, well,
what part of the store? Books? Office supplies?
W: Well, no. Nothing like that. They sell kitchenwares.
what part of the store? Books? Office supplies?
W: Well, no. Nothing like that. They sell kitchenwares.
M: Were you good at selling?
W: I can't really tell from having done that.
M: Were you good at selling?
W: I can't really tell from having done that.
People know what they want when they come into that sort of department.
Either you have it or you don't, and if you haven't,
People know what they want when they come into that sort of department.
Either you have it or you don't, and if you haven't,
you can't persuade them to buy something else instead, can you?
M: Well, OK. Let’s get back to the matter in hand.
you can't persuade them to buy something else instead, can you?
M: Well, OK. Let’s get back to the matter in hand.
So you’re a graduate, or you soon will be as you said.
You want to be a management trainee in our company.
So you’re a graduate, or you soon will be as you said.
You want to be a management trainee in our company.
Well, I’m going to offer you this job though.
Low salary. Six months on trial.
Well, I’m going to offer you this job though.
Low salary. Six months on trial.
Will you agree with that?
W: Well, I think I will accept it.
Will you agree with that?
W: Well, I think I will accept it.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the conversation talking about?
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What is the conversation talking about?
20. What is the company’s business?
21. What did the woman do last summer?
20. What is the company’s business?
21. What did the woman do last summer?
22. What is the job that the woman finally gets?
Conversation Two
22. What is the job that the woman finally gets?
Conversation Two
M: Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday.
You were standing in a long line.
M: Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday.
You were standing in a long line.
W: Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.
M: Distance learning? Never heard of it.
W: Yeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.
M: Distance learning? Never heard of it.
W: Well, it’s new this semester.
It’s only open to psychology majors.
W: Well, it’s new this semester.
It’s only open to psychology majors.
But I bet it’ll catch on elsewhere.
Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.
But I bet it’ll catch on elsewhere.
Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.
M: Well, what is it?
W: It’s an experimental course. I registered for child psychology.
M: Well, what is it?
W: It’s an experimental course. I registered for child psychology.
All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons.
M: Don’t you ever have to meet with a professor?
All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons.
M: Don’t you ever have to meet with a professor?
W: Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her
and the other students on the phone,
W: Yeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her
and the other students on the phone,
you know, about our ideas.
Then we’ll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.
you know, about our ideas.
Then we’ll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.
M: It sounds pretty non-traditional to me.
But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs.
M: It sounds pretty non-traditional to me.
But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs.
It must really help with their schedules,
not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.
It must really help with their schedules,
not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.
W: You know, last year my department did a survey
and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed.
W: You know, last year my department did a survey
and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed.
That’s why they came up with the program.
Look, I’ll be working three days a week next semester
That’s why they came up with the program.
Look, I’ll be working three days a week next semester
and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.
M: The only thing is: doesn’t it seem impersonal though?
and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.
M: The only thing is: doesn’t it seem impersonal though?
I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.
W: Well, I guess that’s why phone contact’s important.
I mean, I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.
W: Well, I guess that’s why phone contact’s important.
Anyway, it’s an experiment. Maybe I’ll end up hating it.
M: Maybe. But I’ll be curious to see how it works out.
Anyway, it’s an experiment. Maybe I’ll end up hating it.
M: Maybe. But I’ll be curious to see how it works out.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What did the woman do at the registration yesterday?
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What did the woman do at the registration yesterday?
24. Why does the woman decide to enroll in the distance-learning course?
25. What is the disadvantage of the course according to the man?
24. Why does the woman decide to enroll in the distance-learning course?
25. What is the disadvantage of the course according to the man?
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
　　In general, city life is relatively convenient and comfortable.
Passage One
　　In general, city life is relatively convenient and comfortable.
The supply of water and electricity is continuous.
Whenever one wants, all he has to do is just turn on a tap or press a button.
The supply of water and electricity is continuous.
Whenever one wants, all he has to do is just turn on a tap or press a button.
There is also a variety of vehicles for transportation,
from buses and cars to trains and planes,
There is also a variety of vehicles for transportation,
from buses and cars to trains and planes,
which help people move about efficiently.
Shopping centers are seen here and there in cities.
which help people move about efficiently.
Shopping centers are seen here and there in cities.
Thanks to the amazing diversity of commodities,
going shopping is often fun for city dwellers.
Thanks to the amazing diversity of commodities,
going shopping is often fun for city dwellers.
Besides the fun of making purchases, there are also countless theatres, cinemas,
art galleries and restaurants providing residents with various kinds of fascinating entertainment.
Besides the fun of making purchases, there are also countless theatres, cinemas,
art galleries and restaurants providing residents with various kinds of fascinating entertainment.
　　It is true that to some extent, city life is divorced from nature.
It is sometimes very exhausting because of its fast-moving pace.
　　It is true that to some extent, city life is divorced from nature.
It is sometimes very exhausting because of its fast-moving pace.
But on the other hand, nothing in the world is perfect; neither is city life.
Viewed positively, the disadvantages should still be outweighed by its attractions.
But on the other hand, nothing in the world is perfect; neither is city life.
Viewed positively, the disadvantages should still be outweighed by its attractions.
In fact, the disadvantages can be regarded as challenges to make life in the city
more interesting, more exciting and more meaningful.
In fact, the disadvantages can be regarded as challenges to make life in the city
more interesting, more exciting and more meaningful.
To me, moving away from the city would mean the loss of excitement
and the dynamic nature of modern life.
To me, moving away from the city would mean the loss of excitement
and the dynamic nature of modern life.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. How does the speaker feel when shopping in cities?
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. How does the speaker feel when shopping in cities?
27. What does the speaker think of the disadvantages of city life?
28. Where will the speaker live, according to the passage?
27. What does the speaker think of the disadvantages of city life?
28. Where will the speaker live, according to the passage?
Passage Two
　　Many suffer from shyness.
Passage Two
　　Many suffer from shyness.
In order to give other people a chance to know more about you,
you need to get over it.
In order to give other people a chance to know more about you,
you need to get over it.
Then how to control shyness?
　　First, make decisions not to hold back in conversations.
Then how to control shyness?
　　First, make decisions not to hold back in conversations.
What you have to say is just as important as what other people say.
And don’t turn down party invitations just because of your shyness.
What you have to say is just as important as what other people say.
And don’t turn down party invitations just because of your shyness.
　　Second, prepare yourself for being with others in groups.
Make a list of the good qualities you have.
　　Second, prepare yourself for being with others in groups.
Make a list of the good qualities you have.
Then make a list of ideas, experiences,
and skills you would like to share with other people.
Then make a list of ideas, experiences,
and skills you would like to share with other people.
Think about what you would like to say in advance. Then say it.
　　Third, if you start feeling self-conscious in a group,
Think about what you would like to say in advance. Then say it.
　　Third, if you start feeling self-conscious in a group,
take a deep breath and focus your attention on other people.
Remember, you are not alone.
take a deep breath and focus your attention on other people.
Remember, you are not alone.
Other people are concerned about the impression they are making, too.
Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.
Other people are concerned about the impression they are making, too.
Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.
Moreover, remember everyone experiences failures and disappointments.
Regard them as lessons instead of frustrations.
Moreover, remember everyone experiences failures and disappointments.
Regard them as lessons instead of frustrations.
　　As each of us is an individual, we behave in our own personal ways.
No one gets over being shy completely,
　　As each of us is an individual, we behave in our own personal ways.
No one gets over being shy completely,
but most people do learn to live with their shyness.
Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy.
but most people do learn to live with their shyness.
Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy.
They work at fighting their shy feelings so they can face the cameras and the public.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
They work at fighting their shy feelings so they can face the cameras and the public.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. Why does the speaker suggest making a list of ideas in advance?
30. What should you do when you feel nervous?
29. Why does the speaker suggest making a list of ideas in advance?
30. What should you do when you feel nervous?
31. What does the speaker say about entertainers?
Passage Three
31. What does the speaker say about entertainers?
Passage Three
　　Few buildings on earth can compete with the legendary beauty of the Taj Mahal.
Towering over the ancient Indian city of Agra,
　　Few buildings on earth can compete with the legendary beauty of the Taj Mahal.
Towering over the ancient Indian city of Agra,
the Taj Mahal is the grandest monument to love ever created.
The lovers in this story are the 17th century Indian emperor Shah Jehan
the Taj Mahal is the grandest monument to love ever created.
The lovers in this story are the 17th century Indian emperor Shah Jehan
and his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
She took a leading role in advising him,
and his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
She took a leading role in advising him,
which is something unique for a woman to do for a husband who’s an emperor.
Over the course of their nineteen-year marriage she gave birth to 14 children.
which is something unique for a woman to do for a husband who’s an emperor.
Over the course of their nineteen-year marriage she gave birth to 14 children.
But in 1631 while trying to deliver their fifteenth — she tragically died.
He was heartbroken when she died. And after her death,
But in 1631 while trying to deliver their fifteenth — she tragically died.
He was heartbroken when she died. And after her death,
he decided to build the world’s greatest monument ever built, for love.
He ordered the royal architects to design the most beautiful building the world had known
he decided to build the world’s greatest monument ever built, for love.
He ordered the royal architects to design the most beautiful building the world had known
and decided to name it after his beloved, Mumtaz Mahal.
He summoned twenty thousand laborers
and decided to name it after his beloved, Mumtaz Mahal.
He summoned twenty thousand laborers
and sent wagons to all corners of his empire in search of precious metals and jewellery.
And after seventeen years of construction,
and sent wagons to all corners of his empire in search of precious metals and jewellery.
And after seventeen years of construction,
the monument was completed and his beloved empress was moved to her final resting place.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
the monument was completed and his beloved empress was moved to her final resting place.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. Why is the Taj Mahal so famous?
33. What is Mumtaz Mahal special for, according to the passage?
32. Why is the Taj Mahal so famous?
33. What is Mumtaz Mahal special for, according to the passage?
34. How did Mumtaz Mahal die?
35. Why did the Indian emperor have the Taj Mahal constructed?
34. How did Mumtaz Mahal die?
35. Why did the Indian emperor have the Taj Mahal constructed?
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.
When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard
or write down the main points in your own words.
Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,
or write down the main points in your own words.
Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Now listen to the passage.
you should check what you have written.
Now listen to the passage.
　　Why is setting goals important?
Because goals can help you do, be,
　　Why is setting goals important?
Because goals can help you do, be,
and experience everything you want in life.
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
and experience everything you want in life.
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
and they set lots of goals, both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
and they set lots of goals, both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident.
Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident.
Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach.
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals, and visions really are.
You are the one who must decide what to go after and in what direction to aim your life.
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals, and visions really are.
You are the one who must decide what to go after and in what direction to aim your life.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
that will further your goal.
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
that will further your goal.
Now the passage will be read again.
Why is setting goals important?
Now the passage will be read again.
Why is setting goals important?
Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
and they set lots of goals,
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
and they set lots of goals,
both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
Winners decide what they want in life
and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Winners decide what they want in life
and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set,
and they aren’t difficult to reach.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set,
and they aren’t difficult to reach.
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals,
and visions really are. You are the one who must decide what to go after
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals,
and visions really are. You are the one who must decide what to go after
and in what direction to aim your life.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
and in what direction to aim your life.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
that will further your goal.
Now the passage will be read for the third time.
that will further your goal.
Now the passage will be read for the third time.
　　Why is setting goals important?
Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
　　Why is setting goals important?
Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be
and they set lots of goals,
both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
and they set lots of goals,
both short-term and long-range to help them reach their vision.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident.
Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach.
Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident.
Goals aren’t difficult to set, and they aren’t difficult to reach.
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals, and visions really are.
You are the one who must decide what to go after and in what direction to aim your life.
It’s up to you to find out what your goals, ideals, and visions really are.
You are the one who must decide what to go after and in what direction to aim your life.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
　　Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.
Goals in written form can be reviewed from time to time, and have more power.
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
Like an agreement with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget.
Also when you write your goals in a particular fashion,
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
that will further your goal.
you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be continuously aware of situations
that will further your goal.
This is the end of listening comprehension.