GRE寫(xiě)作官方題庫(kù)高頻ARGUMENT題目滿(mǎn)分范文分享：begin to regulate retail milk prices

　　The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper:

　　"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."

　　滿(mǎn)分范文賞析

　　This editorial recommends that Batavia's government regulate milk prices to reduce supplier profits and guarantee an adequate supply of milk for consumption. To support these assertions the author cites the fact that over the past ten years the number of dairy farms in Batavia has increased by 25% while at Excello Food Market milk prices have doubled. The argument is nonsensical. Let’s explore.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument開(kāi)頭段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：C – E - F的開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)，首句概括原文的C(Conclusion)。接下來(lái)的一句話(huà)概括了原文為了支持他的結(jié)論所引用的E(evidence)。最后尾句中給出開(kāi)頭段到正文段的過(guò)渡句，指出原文在邏輯上存在F(Flaw)。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為Argument開(kāi)頭段，具體功能就在發(fā)起攻擊。首先，概括原文的結(jié)論：建議Batavia(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)B)政府限制牛奶價(jià)格并保證牛奶的充足供應(yīng)。接下來(lái)分別列舉了原文為了支持這個(gè)結(jié)論引用的證據(jù)：過(guò)去10年B地區(qū)dairy farm數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)25%，Excello Food Market(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)EFM)牛奶價(jià)格翻倍，論據(jù)的歸納用于鋪墊出正文段的具體攻擊。最后點(diǎn)出原文存在邏輯錯(cuò)誤，引出后面的分析。

　　First of all, the speaker offer’s only Excello's milk prices, a local store, and hopes an audience to accept that the price, which doubled, reflects prices throughout Batavia. Basic laws of economics indicate that when supply goes up, prices fall. It is highly probably that Excello’s prices are a unique peculiarity and that the high price can be attributed to a local issue: transport, convenience, and so on. To the extent that Excello's milk prices are correlated with national averages, the speaker makes no effort to mention.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第一段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：調(diào)查類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤(以偏概全)。作者認(rèn)為“EFM牛奶價(jià)格double”并不能反映B地區(qū)牛奶價(jià)格的整體情況。進(jìn)一步，作者提出引起B(yǎng)地區(qū)牛奶價(jià)格double的local issue來(lái)反駁原文中的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，例如transport, convience等。原文更沒(méi)有提出EMF價(jià)格和national average的關(guān)系。

　　In the second place, for the sake of argument, let us assume that Excello's milk prices do reflect those in Batavia. The speaker claims that milk prices are particularly "excessive" and assumes that milk-sale profits are going to milk producers. This has not been proven to be the case. Returning to basic laws of economics, if supply goes up profits go down. There is strong evidence that there are alternative causes for the rise in price and there is a great possibility that the producers of milk are not the beneficiaries of profit.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第二個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第二段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤因果。作者認(rèn)為原文中沒(méi)有證據(jù)說(shuō)明牛奶價(jià)格過(guò)度上漲以及牛奶銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)都給了producer。進(jìn)一步，作者引用了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)定律：supply增長(zhǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致profit下降。牛奶價(jià)格的上漲可能是alternative cause引起且producer不一定是獲利者。

　　In the third place, the author assumes that an increase in milk prices results in increased profits. It is reasonable to conclude that while prices have gone up, profits have actually remained the same and the price itself is the result of increase production cost. Thus the strength of the author's claim of excessive milk-sale profits is totally unfounded.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第三個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：profit類(lèi)。作者認(rèn)為牛奶價(jià)格上漲不一定導(dǎo)致profit的增長(zhǎng)。進(jìn)一步，作者提出cost可能隨著price上漲而上漲，使得profit沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化。

　　In the fourth place, based on the fact that the number of dairy farms has increased, the author infers that the supply of milk has also increased. However, this is not necessarily the case. It is possible that dairy farm production has shifted away from milk to other dairy products, and that the supply of milk has actually declined over this time period. This scenario would make far more sense and would certainly find itself in accord with the basic laws of economics.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第四個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第四段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤因果。作者認(rèn)為原文中“dairy farm的增加推出milk supply的增加”這一論斷是有誤的。進(jìn)一步，作者提出diary farm可能從生產(chǎn)牛奶過(guò)渡到生產(chǎn)其他乳制品。