(1) 議論文中心段落的主題句及其論據(jù)
一篇議論文能否獲得高分與其中心段落主題句的質(zhì)量不無關(guān)聯(lián)，而主題句質(zhì)量的高低則又取決于審題的好壞和論據(jù)的選擇(即所選的論據(jù)在邏輯性、說理性、準確性及與主題內(nèi)容的關(guān)聯(lián)性等方面是否都經(jīng)得起推敲)。需要明確的是，中心段落只應(yīng)有兩個組成部分：段落的主題句和支持主題句的論據(jù)。
段落的主題句也應(yīng)有兩個部分組成，即：主題句=主題+作者對主題的看法或態(tài)度，兩者缺一不可。假設(shè)應(yīng)試者被要求寫一篇有關(guān)吸煙的議論文，那么 SMOKING 就是中心段落的主題。請看下面這個主題句：
Smoking is a habit of many men.
該主題句暴露出兩個問題：(1)作者審題不清;(2)作者沒有表明對主題的看法或態(tài)度。
一般說來，議論文要求應(yīng)試者闡明自己對某問題的看法或態(tài)度。因此當我們拿到議論文的題目以后，要認真審題，權(quán)衡某事的利與弊，然后確定我們的立場。
如何構(gòu)建段落的主題句呢?
拿到議論文的題目以后，經(jīng)認真審題后，用英文列出你所能想起的與主題有關(guān)的例證。我們還用吸煙這個話題為例：
SMOKING
1. Smoking can cause such a disease as lung cancer.
2. Reports say that merely 3 grams of nicotine can kill a large animal.
3. Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one’s life by about 15
minutes and that chain smoking is even more hazardous.
4. Smoking after a meal can also disturb one’s digestive system.
5. Heavy smoking can seriously affect an adult’s sexuality.
6. Smoking does harm to second-hand smokers as well.
7. Smoking makes one’s mouth smell.
8. The life expectancy of smokers is shorter than that of nonsmokers.
9. Smoking in bed may cause fire..
Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, "Cancer Stick". Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one’s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine (about 3 grams in weight) can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult’s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one’s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers (also called second-hand smokers), according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places. (196 words)
