Yousuf Kansh: In Search of Greatness
Yousuf Karsh,the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20 th century,died in a Boston hospital on July 13,2002after complications following surgery.He was 93.
Working from a studio in Ottawa,Karsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill,John F.Kennedy,Nikita Khrushchev,Fidel Castro,Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein.Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary1) subjects.In the latest edition of Who's Who,which listed the most notable people of the last century,Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100famous people listed--51of whom Karsh had photographed.
Karsh was praised as a master portraitist,often working in black and white,influenced by great painters of the past.He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot's composition just right,asking them questions and putting them at ease.
He confesses that he continues to feel more challenged when “portraying2) true greatness adequately with my camera.” In preparation,he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting,but avoids having a preconceived3) idea of how he would photograph the subject.Rather he seeks,as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967,to capture the “essential element which has made them great,”explaining,“All I know is that within every man and woman a secret is hidden,and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can.The revelation,if it comes at all,will come in a small fraction of a second with an unconscious gesture,a gleam of the eye,a brief lifting of the mask that all human swear to conceal their innermost4) selves from the world.In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize.
”Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres5).His photographer uncle,George Nakash,brought him to Canada in 1924and sent him to Boston in 1928to apprentice with John Garo,an outstanding photographer.He not only taught Karsh the technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations.Four years later,he set up his studio in Ottawa.
In December of 1941,his memorable portrait of a glowering,defiant6) Winston Churchill,which symbolized Britain's indomitable7) wartime courage,brought Karsh into international prominence.Canada's Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill following Churchill's speech in the House of Commons.Not forewarned,Churchill lit up a cigar and growled,“Why was I not told of this?”but consented to a brief session.Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and,when he didn't,stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment,“Forgive me,Sir.”Churchill glowered as the shot was taken,then permitted Karsh to take still another,jokingly commenting,“You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed.”The Churchill portrait has since app eared in publications and on commemorative8) stamps all over the world.
Karsh traveled to London in 1943with his portable studio--an 8×10view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw,the Archbishop of Canterbury,and the royal family.Years later these timeless photographs are joined by portraits of such statesmen,artists,and movie stars as Laurence Olivier ,Pablo Picasso,Frank Lloyd Wright,and Clark Gable.All these portraits illustrate Karsh's ability to capture the essence of his sitter9).
優(yōu)素福·卡什:尋求偉大
優(yōu)素福·卡什,因術(shù)后并發(fā)癥于2002年7月13日在波士頓一家醫(yī)院里去世,享年93歲。這位加拿大人像攝影藝術(shù)家曾為20世紀(jì)眾多風(fēng)云人物拍攝過照片。
在渥太華一家攝影室工作的卡什曾為諸如溫斯頓·丘吉爾、約翰·F·肯尼迪、尼基塔·赫魯曉夫、菲德爾·卡斯特羅、歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威以及艾伯特·愛因斯坦等人拍攝過非常優(yōu)秀的照片。事實(shí)上,他本人也幾乎和他那些具有傳奇色彩的攝影人物一樣有名。最新版的《世界名人錄》列出的20世紀(jì)100位最著名人物中,卡什是其中惟一的一位加拿大人,并曾為其中的51人拍攝過照片。
卡什被人們譽(yù)為人像攝影大師,由于受到歷史上一些著名畫家的影響,他在拍攝中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用黑白攝影。他在拍攝人物調(diào)整畫面時(shí),會(huì)向他們提些問題,使他們盡量放松,因此他也以這種與拍攝對(duì)象聊天的拍攝方式而聞名。
他坦言,“用我的相機(jī)充分表達(dá)出人物真正偉大的一面”,一直是讓他感到更具挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。為此,每次拍攝之前,他都閱讀大量有關(guān)被拍攝人物的資料,但是拍攝時(shí)盡量避免對(duì)拍攝對(duì)象懷有先入之見。正如他在1967年出版的《卡什攝影作品集》中所寫的,他想方設(shè)法去捕捉“使他們成為偉人的最基本要素”。他說(shuō),“我深知每個(gè)人物內(nèi)心深處都隱藏著一個(gè)秘密,作為攝影師,我的任務(wù)就是盡可能地去揭示這一秘密。盡管所有的人都會(huì)用面具極力掩飾,然而,人們內(nèi)在的自我意識(shí),有時(shí)會(huì)在一瞬之間,通過他無(wú)意識(shí)的手勢(shì)、眼神以及短暫的失態(tài)流露出來(lái)。這個(gè)稍縱即逝的瞬間關(guān)系著攝影師的成敗。”
優(yōu)素福·卡什1908年出生于亞美尼亞,在對(duì)亞美尼亞人的恐怖仇殺中長(zhǎng)大。他當(dāng)攝影師的叔叔喬治·納卡什,在1924年把他帶到了加拿大,1928年又把他送到波士頓師從攝影大師約翰·加羅。加羅不僅傳授給他當(dāng)時(shí)攝影藝術(shù)家所運(yùn)用的各種拍攝技巧,還培養(yǎng)他的悟性,使他在作品中融入并生發(fā)出他本人的獨(dú)特闡釋。4年后,他在渥太華開辦了自己的攝影室。
1941年12月,卡什為溫斯頓·丘吉爾拍攝的一張照片使他揚(yáng)名世界。照片上的丘吉爾怒目而視,一副挑戰(zhàn)者的姿態(tài),成為二戰(zhàn)時(shí)的英國(guó)不屈不撓、決心作戰(zhàn)到底的勇氣的象征。加拿大總理麥肯齊·金安排卡什在丘吉爾結(jié)束在國(guó)會(huì)下院的講話之后為他拍照。由于事先沒有通知他,丘吉爾點(diǎn)上一支雪茄,嘴里嘟噥著,“怎么不早告訴我?”不過他還是同意給點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間??ㄊ舱?qǐng)他拿開雪茄煙,丘吉爾不干,卡什走上前,一邊說(shuō)“抱歉,先生,”一邊輕輕地拿下雪茄。照相時(shí),丘吉爾怒目而視。接下來(lái)卻讓卡什再拍一張,并開玩笑說(shuō),“你竟能讓怒吼的獅子安靜地站在這兒拍照。”從此丘吉爾的這張照片出現(xiàn)在世界各種出版物以及紀(jì)念郵票上。
1943年,卡什帶著便攜式的照相器材---一架8×10英寸的大相機(jī)和許多攝影用燈到倫敦旅行,在那里他為許多著名人物,如肖伯納、坎特伯雷大主教及英國(guó)皇室成員拍攝了照片。多年以后,這些不朽的照片中又多了像勞倫斯·奧利維爾、帕布魯·畢加索、弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特、克拉克·蓋博等政治家、藝術(shù)家及電影明星。所有這些人像攝影都展示了卡什在捕捉被攝人物個(gè)性精髓方面的天賦。
NOTE 注釋:
legendary [5ledVEndEri] adj. 傳奇色彩的
portray [pC:5trei] v. 描繪
preconceived [pri:kEn5si:vd] adj. 預(yù)想的
innermost [`InEmEJst] adj. 最里面的, 內(nèi)心的, 秘密的
massacre [5mAsEkE] n. 仇殺,殘殺
defiant [di5faiEnt] adj. 挑戰(zhàn)的
indomitable [in5dCmitEbl] adj. 不屈服的, 不屈不撓的
commemorative [kE`memErEtIv] adj. 紀(jì)念的
sitter [5sitE] n. 被畫像的人
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