Easter Eggs
Most English holidays have a religious origin.Easter is originally the day to commemorate1) the Resurrection2) of Jesus Christ.But now for most people,Easter is a secular spring holiday,when everyone hopes to enjoy fine weather,when the days are lengthening fast,when trees are already in bud and leaf,and spring flowers appear,the most welcome of the year――violets,daffodils3) and narcissi4).For children,Easter means more than anything else,Easter eggs or chocolate eggs.
Real,natural eggs,do not belong of course to a single season of the year.They are eaten all the year round(Duck eggs are a rarity5) in England,and the eggs of smaller birds are rarer still,a luxury for the very rich and privileged).Eggs are everyday food――inexpensive,nutritious6),and especially good for breakfast.Their association with spring,when hens begin to lay after the winter,is older than the manufacture of chocolate eggs.In some places,real eggs are used in an Easter game called“egg-rolling”.They are first hardboiled and then given to competitors to roll down a slope.The winner is the person whose egg gets to the bottom first.In some families,the breakfast eggs on Easter Sunday morning are boiled in different pans,each containing a different vegetable dye,so that when they are served the shells are no longer white or pale brown in colour,but yellow or pink,blue or green.The dyes do not penetrate the shell of course.
Most British children would be very disappointed if these were the only eggs they had at Easter.Chocolate Easter eggs are displayed in confectioners’ shops as soon as Christmas is over.The smallest and simplest are inexpensive enough for children to buy with pocket money.These are of two sorts.Very small ones,perhaps a little longer than an inch in length,are coated thinly with chocolate on the outside and filled with a sweet,soft paste,called fondant.They are wrapped in coloured foil in a variety of patterns.Slightly larger eggs,a little bigger,as a rule,than a duck’s egg,are hollow.There is nothing in side at all――just a wrapped chocolate shell.You break the shell and eat the jagged,irregular pieces.
As Easter approaches,more elaborate eggs than these fill the sweet-shop windows.They are designed to be given as presents,and the larger ones are expensive.Manufacturers compete in producing pretty and unusual designs.Chocolate Eggs are often sold in chin a egg-cups or mugs,or baskets,so that here is something to enjoy when the chocolate is eaten and forgotten.They are accompanied by all sorts of small presents designed to appeal to children.They are often decorated with small fluffy7) chickens,made of wool,and with feet and beaks in card.And in addition to eggs,there are chickens or rabbits molded in chocolate.Lucky children may receive several of these as presents from friends or relations.
Special cardboard boxes are on sale at Easter,made in the shape of eggs,but not made of chocolate and certainly not intended to be eaten.They are just as pretty as any chocolate egg.They are patterned,and are often finished with lace or ribbon and artificial flowers.They are meant to contain any present that the giver thinks the receiver would like.As a rule it is quite a small present――handkerchiefs,perhaps,or a scarf,or a tie.Sometimes a small piece of jewelry will be boxed and wrapped and put inside.
Easter eggs are meant to give enjoyment――and they do.They are pretty and decorative,they signal good wishes and shared happiness in the changing sea sons.Manufacturers seem able to find new variations of colour and pattern every year.To my mind though,no springtime pleasure is equal to that of watching a hen hatch her brood of eggs.Weeks pass,when she must be left undisturbed.Then the time comes.Just one egg will crack.Then another.Then there is a faint cheeping as first one and then another of the chicks break the shell from the inside and struggle free of it.The damp feathers that give the newly hatched chicks such a bedraggled appearance soon dry,and within a few minutes,they are stepping out on their delicate red legs,bright-eyed,exquisitely fluffy,and pale yellow.Because of modern methods of egg production this is one pleasure of the early part of the year that is now a rarity,and altogether remote from the experience of most English children.
□by Anna Whitington
復(fù) 活 節(jié) 彩 蛋
英國(guó)大部分節(jié)日都起源于宗教。復(fù)活節(jié)原是紀(jì)念耶穌復(fù)活的日子。而現(xiàn)在對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),復(fù)活節(jié)只是一個(gè)人們享受美好春光的世俗節(jié)日。從這一天起,白晝很快變長(zhǎng),樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)滿新芽嫩葉,一年中最受歡迎的鮮花---紫羅蘭、櫻草花、水仙花等競(jìng)相開(kāi)放。而對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō),沒(méi)有比復(fù)活節(jié)彩蛋或巧克力蛋更重要的了。
真正的自然的雞蛋當(dāng)然不屬于某一個(gè)特定季節(jié),而是一年到頭都有(在英國(guó),鴨蛋很少見(jiàn),小鳥蛋更是罕見(jiàn),純粹是有錢有勢(shì)人家的奢侈品)。雞蛋是人們的日常食品,價(jià)格便宜,營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,尤其適合于早餐。因?yàn)槟鸽u在冬天過(guò)后開(kāi)始下蛋,人們便把它們與春天聯(lián)系在一起,這種聯(lián)系比巧克力蛋的生產(chǎn)史要久遠(yuǎn)。英國(guó)有的地方在復(fù)活節(jié)玩一種真雞蛋的“滾蛋”游戲。雞蛋先煮熟了,然后發(fā)給參賽者,把雞蛋沿一個(gè)斜坡滾下去,誰(shuí)的蛋最先滾到底下誰(shuí)就贏。復(fù)活節(jié)早上,有的家里把早餐用的蛋分放在幾個(gè)盛有不同顏色的植物染料的鍋里煮,這樣端上來(lái)的蛋不再是白色或淺棕色的,而是黃色或粉紅色,藍(lán)色的或綠色的。當(dāng)然,染料不會(huì)滲透到蛋殼里去。
如果復(fù)活節(jié)光有這些彩蛋,大多數(shù)英國(guó)孩子就會(huì)非常失望。圣誕節(jié)一過(guò),復(fù)活節(jié)巧克力蛋便在糖果店里擺出來(lái)了。那些最小和花樣最簡(jiǎn)單的很便宜,孩子們用自己的零花錢就可以買下來(lái)。這段時(shí)期上市的彩蛋有兩種。小的一種叫方旦糖,長(zhǎng)一英寸多一點(diǎn),外面是一層薄薄的巧克力,里面是又甜又軟的面團(tuán),然后再用彩色的錫箔紙包裝成各種形狀。另外一種是空蛋,稍微大一點(diǎn),一般比鴨蛋還大一點(diǎn)。里面什么也沒(méi)有,只是包著一個(gè)巧克力外殼。只需打碎外殼,吃巧克力片。
復(fù)活節(jié)臨近時(shí),糖果店的櫥窗里會(huì)擺滿比這些更精美的彩蛋。它們是作為禮物制作的,大的很貴。各廠家競(jìng)相推出漂亮的和別出心裁的彩蛋。巧克力蛋常常是裝在瓷杯或籃子里出售,這樣在巧克力被吃完遣忘后人們?nèi)钥梢员A粢恍┛蓯?ài)的紀(jì)念品。同時(shí)還有各種各樣的用來(lái)吸引孩子們的小禮物出售。上面裝飾有毛絨絨的羊毛做的小雞,小雞的嘴和腳都粘在卡片上。除巧克力蛋外,還有巧克力制作的小雞和小兔。幸運(yùn)的孩子可能從親友那兒得到好幾種這樣的禮物。
復(fù)活節(jié)期間,市面上有一種雞蛋形狀的硬紙盒,不是巧克力做的,所以不能吃。但它們和巧克力蛋一樣漂亮。上面有裝飾圖案,并常系有花邊、彩帶或人造花。它們常被用來(lái)裝盛送禮人認(rèn)為受禮人會(huì)喜歡的物品。一般都是小禮品,如手絹、圍巾或領(lǐng)帶等。有時(shí)可能會(huì)是一件包裝好的小首飾。
復(fù)活節(jié)彩蛋的目的是給人們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)---確實(shí)如此。精美漂亮且富有裝飾性,它們代表著人們美好的心愿和季節(jié)變換的共同喜悅。制造商似乎每年都能想出不同的顏色和圖案。但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),春天里沒(méi)有任何快樂(lè)可與觀看母雞孵蛋相比。一個(gè)又一個(gè)星期過(guò)去了,母雞靜靜地蹲著。然后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)蛋破殼了。接著又有一個(gè)。然后你會(huì)聽(tīng)到一只只小雞啄破蛋殼,掙扎著要出來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)出的微弱的唧唧聲。剛孵出來(lái)的小雞全身的毛濕漉漉粘糊糊的,但過(guò)不了多久,它們的毛就干了;再過(guò)幾分鐘,它們就跨出了蛋殼,纖弱細(xì)紅的雙腳,亮晶晶的眼睛,淡黃色的絨毛,優(yōu)美極了。由于現(xiàn)代化的產(chǎn)蛋方法,這種初春的快樂(lè)現(xiàn)在很少有人去體會(huì),離大多數(shù)的英國(guó)孩子的生活更是遙遠(yuǎn)。
NOTE 注釋:
commemorate [kE5memEreit] vt. 紀(jì)念
resurrection [7rezE5rekFEn] n. 復(fù)蘇,復(fù)活
daffodil [5dAfEdIl] n. 水仙花
narcissi [nB:`sIsaI] narcissus的復(fù)數(shù) n. 水仙,水仙花
rarity [5rZEriti] n. 稀有
nutritious [nju:5triFEs] adj. 有營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的, 營(yíng)養(yǎng)的
fluffy [`flQfI] adj. 絨毛似的, 披著絨毛的