雙語詩歌翻譯|《中庸·二十八》

《中庸》是中國儒家經(jīng)典之一，原是《禮記》第三十一篇，相傳為戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期孔伋（子思）所作。其內(nèi)容肯定“中庸”是道德行為的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把“誠”看成是世界的本體，認(rèn)為“至誠”則達(dá)到人生的最高境界，并提出“博學(xué)之，審問之，慎思之，明辨之，篤行之”的學(xué)習(xí)過程和認(rèn)識(shí)方法。宋代從《禮記》中抽出，與《大學(xué)》《論語》《孟子》合為“四書”。宋元以后，成為學(xué)校官定的教科書和科舉考試的必讀書，對(duì)中國古代教育產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。

中庸·二十八

子曰：“愚而好自用；賤而好自專；生乎今之世，反古之道；如此者，烖及其身者也?！?br />非天子不議禮，不制度，不考文。今天下，車同軌，書同文，行同倫。雖有其位，茍無其德，不敢作禮樂焉；雖有其德，茍無其位，亦不敢作禮樂焉。
子曰：“吾說夏禮，杞不足征也；吾學(xué)殷禮，有宋存焉；吾學(xué)周禮，今用之，吾從周?！?br />

XXVIII

Confucius remarked: "A man who is foolish and yet is fond of using his own judgment; who is in humble circumstances and yet is fond of assuming authority; who, while living in the present age, reverts to the ways of antiquity: such a man is one who will bring calamity upon himself.
To no one but the supreme head of the Empire does it belong to disturb the established religious and social institutions, to introduce new forms of government, to change the form and use of language. At the present day throughout the Empire, carriage wheels all have the same standard form and size; all writing is written with the same characters, and in all the relations of life, all recognise the same established principles.
Although a man may occupy the position of the Supreme Head of the Empire, yet unless he possesses the moral qualities fitting him for the task, he may not take upon himself to make changes in the established moral and religious institutions. Although one may possess the moral qualities fitting him for the task, yet unless occupies he the position of the Supreme Head of the Empire, he may not take upon himself to make changes in the established moral and religious institutions.
Confucius remarked: "I have tried to understand the moral and religious institutions of the Hsia dynasty, but what remains of those institutions in the present state of Chi are not sufficient to give me a clue. I have studied the moral and religious institutions of the Yin dynasty; the remains of them are still preserved in the present state of Sung. I have studied the moral and religious institutions of the present Chow dynasty, which are now in use. In practice, I follow the forms of the present Chow dynasty."