細(xì)節(jié)決定成?。罕P(pán)點(diǎn)雅思寫(xiě)作地道表達(dá)
“Popular”
雅思寫(xiě)作大作文題目都是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，所以考生在作文中經(jīng)常使用 “popular” (流行的)這個(gè)詞?？墒沁@個(gè)詞在考官眼中已經(jīng)俗套了，而且也無(wú)法傳達(dá)真實(shí)有效的信息，也不符合Mark Griffins在金牌教程6-7.5分書(shū)中所提到的，能夠理解 “detailed reasoning”。那么，傳神達(dá)意又地道準(zhǔn)確的表述是怎樣的？以最近非?；鸬捻n國(guó)熱門(mén)歌曲“江南style”為例，我們一起來(lái)看一下native-speakers所寫(xiě)的句子。
例1：By now, "Gangnam Style" has become part of the pop culture lexicon. The infectious song by South Korean singer Psy broke the Guinness world record for "most likes" on YouTube。
(‘Gangnam style? Not in N. Korea’, Los Angeles Times, published on 12 Oct 2012)
在這段話中，popular的含義用的一個(gè)非常形象的形容詞infectious來(lái)表述。一首歌是具有“傳染性”的，就生動(dòng)的描述其“受歡迎程度”。
例2：It (the video for Psy's track Gangnam Style) is a colourful, over-the-top, hilarious pastiche of commercial pop videos and sees Psy debut his now internationally famous "horse riding dance"。
(‘Gangnam Style the UK's first K-pop number one’, BBC online news “newbeats”， 1 Oct)
與第一個(gè)例子不同，這里使用了副詞和形容詞的搭配，“在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)知名的”這種具體的解釋說(shuō)明，來(lái)表述出這首歌是非常受歡迎的。不同詞性搭配的手法在寫(xiě)作中也是非常好的表達(dá)方式。
例3：Gangnam Style, a novelty song by the South Korean rapper Psy, is the global pop sensation of 2012.
(South Korea: a rough guide to Gangnam style, The Telegraph, 7 Oct)
本例中，使用抽象名詞sensation來(lái)表達(dá)這首歌是廣為傳頌的。抽象名詞也是學(xué)術(shù)性文章中必不可少的表達(dá)方式。
“Exposure”
在寫(xiě)作的媒體類，社會(huì)類話題中，經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)表達(dá)是“經(jīng)常使用”。比如，考題中會(huì)出現(xiàn)孩子們經(jīng)?？措娨暤睦?，經(jīng)常使用因特網(wǎng)，以及交通工具排放的廢氣對(duì)人體的影響等。中國(guó)學(xué)生的作文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的表達(dá)是“watching TV too much”， “the overuse of the Internet”， 以及“excessive use of the Internet”等。然而，exposure做為一個(gè)地道表達(dá)很少被提及。學(xué)生多數(shù)熟知字典上對(duì)exposure “暴露”這一條釋義，可在寫(xiě)作中可以做為“接觸”的同義表達(dá)使用。比如例4，就是在一條很好的寫(xiě)作素材，用于交通能源類，說(shuō)明每天接觸交通工具產(chǎn)生的噪音對(duì)人體的影響。
例4：It found that 2% of Europeans suffer severely disturbed sleep because of noise pollution and 15% can suffer severe annoyance. Chronic exposure to loud traffic noise causes 3% of tinnitus cases, in which people constantly hear a noise in their ears。
例5: Some people may point out that too much exposure to advertising imposes a lot of pressure on children as well as their parents。
例6：The report raises concerns about how this increasing amount of time spent with media is affecting us -- and specifically, how it is affecting youth. Heavy media exposure could have long-term effects on our bodies and brains that we don't realize。
例5和例6都是媒體類的寫(xiě)作素材，說(shuō)明過(guò)多的接觸廣告等媒體信息對(duì)青少年的身心影響。
例7：The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that given the “particular uncertainty…regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures,” it is “prudent” for adults and children to limit their exposure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-chemical alternatives。”
例7說(shuō)明了過(guò)多的接觸和使用殺蟲(chóng)劑等化學(xué)制品，對(duì)青少年的影響的確是存在的。政府應(yīng)該通過(guò)限制孩子接觸到殺蟲(chóng)劑的方式，降低化學(xué)制品對(duì)孩子的危害。
“embrace”
“embrace”是非常地道的表達(dá)，不僅僅是中國(guó)學(xué)生熟悉的“擁抱”含義。殊不知還有其他含義。在社會(huì)類和教育類題目的寫(xiě)作中，考生經(jīng)常使用“獲得，有”這個(gè)概念。通過(guò)接受大學(xué)教育，學(xué)生得到了理論知識(shí)和實(shí)踐技能。做免費(fèi)義工，學(xué)生能夠得到人生閱歷。大多的表達(dá)都是停留在“gain theoretical knowledge”或“acquire vast amounts of working experience”。而“embrace”就是很傳神的表達(dá)。
例8：Sales of carbonated sodas have been declining for the last decade, as American consumers have embraced new choices of beverages and, more recently, become more aware of how much sugar they contain。
例8是一個(gè)非常好的素材用于健康類話題中，美國(guó)人意識(shí)到了飲料中的含糖量，且有了更多的選擇，所以碳酸飲料的銷(xiāo)量下降。
例9：Along with theoretical knowledge, today’s working world requires its workforce to embrace practical skills and soft skills as well. It is believed that the Malaysian workforce, locally and overseas, possesses such skills。
在例9中，“要求其勞動(dòng)力掌握實(shí)踐技能”的表達(dá)中，就用到了embrace。非常簡(jiǎn)潔地道。
在寫(xiě)作實(shí)踐中，embrace還可以表示“accept”的含義。在社會(huì)類和教育類話題中常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)“接受改變/現(xiàn)實(shí)/新事物”等，都可以使用。請(qǐng)見(jiàn)下面native speakers的文段。
例10：Graduates of the Westerly High School Class of 2012 are urged to embrace change and share knowledge
例11：Human development has always been driven by knowledge, and by our capacity to impart this knowledge, cumulatively, to succeeding generations. But as the pool of knowledge continually expands, and demand for access to it increases, the traditional means of sharing it are strained. UNESCO estimates that, by 2025, there will be an additional 80 million students seeking higher education. The way things are going, there is simply no way we will be able to give them all an on-campus education. To match this demand, Universities should embrace the move toward online learning。
例11是一段非常好的素材，用于教育類的文章。常見(jiàn)考題因特網(wǎng)的使用和出現(xiàn)能否取代傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校。傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)集中在討論學(xué)校的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，比如學(xué)習(xí)氛圍好，老師的互動(dòng)作用和道德教育，性格培養(yǎng)的功能是網(wǎng)絡(luò)不能取代的；以及討論網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠提供大量信息和隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)不受空間限制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?？墒潜疚亩螀s提供了另一個(gè)思考問(wèn)題的角度和素材：學(xué)生的數(shù)量太多，傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足學(xué)生的需求，因此要接受在線學(xué)習(xí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育方式。通過(guò)本文段的學(xué)習(xí)，不僅可以掌握地道表達(dá)，還能換個(gè)新穎的思考角度，同時(shí)有具體可靠的數(shù)據(jù)支持，實(shí)在是難得。
“tight”
在大作文結(jié)尾段的合理化建議部分，以及報(bào)告類題目的解決措施部分，都需要考試針對(duì)該討論話題提出建議。傳統(tǒng)的思考角度是從政府著手，政府可以給予經(jīng)濟(jì)援助或扶持；政府也可以加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管和控制；政府大力宣傳教育。在考慮到媒體類和犯罪類題目時(shí)，經(jīng)常用到“政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制該行為”的表達(dá)。如“政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制媒體中的暴力色情信息，以達(dá)到降低社會(huì)犯罪率的目的”。而考生的表達(dá)多集中于“The government should strictly control/impose stricter control the violence and pornography in the media to reduce crime rates。”這兩種表達(dá)在語(yǔ)法角度而言都無(wú)可厚非，可從語(yǔ)言地道的層面來(lái)看，就略有差池。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
例12： All media in North Korea are tightly controlled by the country's propaganda network。
例13：Western Australia's emerging unconventional gas sector, which undertakes a practice known as fracking, will be subject to Australia's toughest disclosure laws and to be more tightly regulated. Mines and Petroleum Minister Norman Moore says it is important to establish strict laws while the industry is still young。
在以上兩個(gè)例子中，第一個(gè)例子是關(guān)于朝鮮媒體，第二個(gè)例子是圍繞西澳的某經(jīng)濟(jì)行為，都傳達(dá)了政府嚴(yán)格控制的含義。
以上僅挑選四個(gè)精妙的地道表達(dá)詳細(xì)闡述。另外還有許多容易記憶和使用的地道表達(dá)，只要考試平時(shí)有留心積累和靈活運(yùn)用，就一定可以提高自己的英文表達(dá)能力。比如恰當(dāng)使用名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞“知道know”這個(gè)含義：The average citizen has no knowledge of YouTube, Facebook or Twitter. 再比如巧妙換詞性和使用地道表達(dá)，對(duì)于爛俗的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)“the wide use of the Internet”： North Korea is as isolated and backward as South Korea is wired and technologically advanced. “善于積累，慎重思考，靈活運(yùn)用”是提高自己表達(dá)的有效方法，只有多讀多練，見(jiàn)賢思齊，才能在雅思寫(xiě)作中取得好的成績(jī)。
