Low-level Engligh learning Lesson 1
Rome Wasn't Built in a Day
羅馬不是一天造成的
Reading
English is an international language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it. It can be rewarding or just a waste of time. It's up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about learning English.
First, don't be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them.
Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned and speak up!
Finally, you must be patient.
Remember, "Rome wasn't built in a day."
英語是國際語言。所以，我們必須學(xué)英文。學(xué)英文可以使用我們獲益，也可能是白白浪費時間。那就看你的了。那要看你如何去學(xué)習(xí)。以下是一些關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語的決竅。
首先，別怕出錯。你可以從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。
其次，千萬不要害羞。臉皮厚一點大聲說出來!
最后，一定要有耐心。
記住：“羅馬不是一天造成的。”
Vocabulary & Idioms
1. Rome wasn't built in a day.
羅馬不是一天造成的。(saying諺語)
例：A: My new restaurant isn't doing very well.
B: Don't worry. Rome wasn't built in a day.
我剛開的餐廳生意不怎么好。
別擔(dān)心。羅馬不是一天造成的。
2. international a. 國際性的，國際間的
例：Jack is majoring in International Trade.
杰克目前正主修國貿(mào)。
3. language n. 語言(countable可數(shù)，簡寫成C);言詞(uncountable不可數(shù)，簡寫成U)
foul language 下流話，粗話，臟話
*foul a. 粗俗的，猥褻的
例：You must have patience and determination to learn a second language.
學(xué)習(xí)第二種語言一定要具備耐心和決心。
People who use foul language show their poor upbringing.
口出穢言的人表示他缺乏教養(yǎng)。
*upbringing n. 教養(yǎng)
4. rewarding a. 有(獲)益的;值得做的，劃算的
例：Teaching is a very rewarding profession.
教書是一種很有價值的職業(yè)。
5. It's up to you. 由你決定。
例：A: Should I get a part-time job?
B: It's up to you.
我應(yīng)不應(yīng)該去兼差?
你自己決定。
6. depend on… 視…而定
例：My future depends on my exam results.
我的未來取決于我考試的成績。
7. tip n. 建議;小費
give+人+tips on/about+事
給某人關(guān)于某事的一些建議
例：Can you give me some tips on how to study English?
你可不可以告訴我一些學(xué)習(xí)英文的訣竅?
We gave the waitress a big tip because the service was excellent.
因為那名女服務(wù)員的服務(wù)非常好，所以我們給了她一大筆小費。
8. be afraid to+原形動詞 害怕去做…
afraid a. 害怕的，恐懼的
例：Mr. Wang was afraid to ask his boss for a raise.
王先生不敢向他的老板要求加薪。
9. shy a. 羞怯的
例：The shy boy didn't dare to ask the girl to dance.
那個害羞的男孩不敢邀請女孩跳舞。
10. thick-skinned a. 厚顏的
例：If you want to be a good salesman, you must be thick-skinned.
如果你想成為一個好的推銷員，你一定要厚臉皮。
11. speak up 大聲說話;開口說出來
例：Please speak up, I can't hear you.
請說大聲一點，我聽不到。
If you have something to say, speak up.
如果你有話要說，盡管開口說出來。
12. patient a. 有耐心的(常與介詞with并用)
be patient with… 對…有耐心
例：A good teacher is always patient with his students.
好老師對學(xué)生總是很有耐心。
Grammar Points 語法重點
本課介紹由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句之形成及其用法，以及表示‘第一點’、‘第二點’等序數(shù)詞的用法。
It depends on how you study it.
那要看你如何去學(xué)習(xí)。
上句中，how you study it 是疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。此類名詞從句均由疑問詞(what, when, who, how, why, where等)引導(dǎo)的問句轉(zhuǎn)變而成，茲就其形成及用法分述如下：
a. 疑問句如何轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~從句：
1) 問句有be動詞時：
主語與be動詞還原，前面保留疑問詞。
例：Where is she?-->where she is
2)問句有一般助詞時：
主語與助詞還原，前面保留疑問詞。
例：When will you leave?-->when you will leave
3)問句有do/does/did等助詞時：
此類疑問句變成名詞從句時，先保留句首的疑問詞，再將do/does/did去掉，其后的原形動詞則按主語人稱 及時態(tài)作變化。
例：Where does he live?-->where he lives
What did you buy?-->what you bought
[注意]在疑問句中，若疑問句代詞who/what/which作主語，則疑問句變成名詞從句時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不變。
例：Who will go?-->who will go
What happened?-->what happened
Which was bought?-->which was bought
由于上述得知，本文中how you study it乃由How do you study it?變化而成。
b. 名詞從句的功能：
名詞從句應(yīng)被視作名詞，故與名詞一樣，在句中可作主語、賓語，或置于be動詞后作主語補足語。
1)作主語
例：Where he lives remains a mystery. 他住在哪里仍是個謎。
[注意]名詞從句作主語時，往往會形成主語過大的現(xiàn)象，因此可用虛主語it代替，置于句首，而被代替的名詞從句置于句尾。故上列例句可寫成：It remains a mystery where he lives.
2)作賓語
例：I don't know why she is crying.
I didn't pay attention to what you are saying.
3)置于be動詞后作主語補足語
例：The problem is how we can get there.
...First, don't be afraid to make mistakes...Second, you must not be shy.
首先，別怕出錯。其次，千萬不要害羞。
上列句中，F(xiàn)irst及Second為序數(shù)詞。分別表示“第一，首先”及“第二點，其次”的意思，用于陳列重點或陳述概念、想法時。
例：When you are at the beach, play safe. First, don't swim too far out. Second, don't swim immediately after eating.
當(dāng)你在海灘的時候，要以安全為上。首先，不要游得太遠。其次，吃完東西后不要馬上游泳。
[注意]
a. First/Second/Third...亦可改用Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly...替代。另外，F(xiàn)irst亦可等于First of all，但無Second/Third...of all的用法。故上列例句亦可改為：When you are at the beach, play safe. Firstly, don't swim too far out. Secondly, don't swim immediately after eating.
b. 常常有些人會將at first與first混為一談，但這是錯誤的。at first使用于一般過去時中，用以敘述過去的狀態(tài)，表“起初”之意，而first則用以強調(diào)次序的概念，故兩者用法不同。in the end則表“最后”，常與at first搭配使用。
例：At first, the new student felt out of place. In the end, he became one of us.
起初，那個新來的學(xué)生覺得格格不入。最后，他和我們打成一片。
