筆者之所以寫就如此一番開場(chǎng)白,是因?yàn)樵谶@方面關(guān)注頗多,并且經(jīng)常感慨多多。不久前,筆者看到某城市的日?qǐng)?bào)上刊登的一則英語(yǔ)新聞,內(nèi)容是說(shuō)該市的出租車起步價(jià)將要上調(diào),沒想到該文的譯者(因?yàn)樵撚⒄Z(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道就是根據(jù)同內(nèi)容的中文新聞報(bào)道轉(zhuǎn)譯的)把“起步價(jià)”逐字翻譯成了pace-starting price,讓人很是咋舌,因?yàn)檫@一說(shuō)法很不地道和專業(yè)。
由此,筆者也產(chǎn)生了好奇心,試圖通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索探究“起步價(jià)”這一在我們聽來(lái)耳熟能詳?shù)恼f(shuō)法,在英語(yǔ)里究竟用的什么地道表達(dá)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),base price,flag fall 和flag-down fare等詞語(yǔ)屬于在相關(guān)國(guó)家和地區(qū)最貼近的說(shuō)法。請(qǐng)看美國(guó)媒體的以下報(bào)道:
Washington (CNN) -- Passengers hailing cabs in Chicago starting Sunday may want to read the fine print on the taxi placards before they get in. In addition to the base fare, cab drivers for the first time can charge sick passengers a $50 vomit cleanup fee.
上述內(nèi)容是美國(guó)CNN2012年6月12日的一則新聞報(bào)道,說(shuō)的是芝加哥的出租車將對(duì)租用出租車時(shí)在車上因?yàn)闀炣嚩鴩I吐的乘客征收50美元一次的嘔吐清潔費(fèi)。其中的In addition to the base fare就是“除了起步價(jià)之外”的意思,也就是說(shuō),除了起步價(jià),乘客若在車上嘔吐,將支付額外的清潔費(fèi)。以下是芝加哥的出租車上張貼的各類收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明以及對(duì)乘客告知的各類權(quán)利和義務(wù)。
• 在澳大利亞,出租車的“起步價(jià)”通常使用flag fall 或flagfall,維基百科就有如下說(shuō)明:Flagfall or flag fall is common Australian expression for a fixed start fee, especially in the haulage and railroad industry. The origin is a taxi expression for the minimum charge for hiring a taxi, to which the rate per kilometer or mile is then added.
• 澳大利亞新南威爾士州交通局官網(wǎng)一則關(guān)于本地出租車從2012年7月22日開始調(diào)價(jià)的通知中,出現(xiàn)了以下相關(guān)詞語(yǔ):起步價(jià)(flag fall),公里價(jià)(distance rate),夜間營(yíng)業(yè)額外收費(fèi)(night-time surcharge),訂車費(fèi)(booking fee)等等。
筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),關(guān)于“招手截停”出租車,我國(guó)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者基本上只會(huì)使用“stop”這一單詞,其語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)用與地道表達(dá)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。除了上面說(shuō)到的flag down,另一說(shuō)法是hail,例如:If this is about seeing a vacant taxi on a street and asking the driver to stop for you, "hail a taxi" is what one would say in AE. If you mean something else, please be more specific. 該網(wǎng)站更加具體的說(shuō)明是:to hail a taxi -- which is to make a gesture (raising your arm) to get a taxi to stop。如果你有急事需要求助,招手示意其他車輛停下來(lái),也是flag down,例如:
1. I flagged down a passing car to ask for help.
2. Let's flag down a cab--it's starting to rain.
3. The policeman flagged down our car.
無(wú)論是flag down 還是flag fall,關(guān)于出租車“起步價(jià)”在英語(yǔ)中的地道表達(dá),都離不開一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞flag。那么,這里的flag又是什么意思呢?是我們通常理解的“旗幟”嗎?百度詞典對(duì)flag down 的解釋是“打旗號(hào)使停下”,貌似“打旗語(yǔ)”的意思。但根據(jù)筆者的查證,這里的flag和“旗語(yǔ)”似乎無(wú)關(guān),而是來(lái)自早期的出租車營(yíng)運(yùn)方式,那時(shí)候的出租車?yán)镉幸粋€(gè)類似旗幟的操作桿,如果是空車,這個(gè)操作桿是豎著的,而如果乘客進(jìn)入車內(nèi),這個(gè)操作桿就被放倒了(down/fall),出租車開始計(jì)費(fèi),此乃flag down/fall也。維基百科關(guān)于flag fall的解釋提供了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明:The origin is a taxi expression for the minimum charge for hiring a taxi, to which the rate per kilometer or mile is then added. It dates back to the old mechanical taximeters, which were equipped with a flag-like lever that could be seen from outside the cab. When the "flag" was up and visible, the cab was not occupied. When a passenger stepped in, the driver turned the lever down - the "flag fall" - and the taximeter started counting.