國際大企業(yè)抨擊哥本哈根“協(xié)議”

全球能源企業(yè)對哥本哈根達成的氣候協(xié)議感到失望和困惑，表示該協(xié)議未帶來足夠的確定性，為削減溫室氣體排放所需的巨額投資提供依據。

Global energy businesses have been left disappointed and confused by the climate deal agreed in Copenhagen, saying it does not provide enough certainty to justify the huge investments needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

由美國和中國等主要經濟體在周五晚間達成、但未得到聯(lián)合國正式采納的這份協(xié)議，作出了限制全球升溫幅度的承諾，但并未具體規(guī)定實現(xiàn)這一目標的排放上限。

The deal – agreed by major economies including the US and China on Friday evening but not formally adopted by the United Nations – makes a commitment to limit the rise in global temperatures but does not specify caps on emissions to achieve that objective.

歐洲的首席執(zhí)行官和企業(yè)集團對這份協(xié)議的批評聲尤其響亮。石油天然氣集團荷蘭皇家殼牌(Royal Dutch Shell)支持限制排放，該集團首席執(zhí)行官彼得·沃瑟(Peter Voser)表示，還需要“多得多”的內容。

Chief executives and business groups in Europe were particularly critical of the deal. Peter Voser – the chief executive of oil and gas group Royal Dutch Shell, which has supported limiting emissions – said “much more” was needed.

在對抗全球變暖的威脅方面，企業(yè)的角色將是關鍵的。在每年需要的5000億美元投資中，私營部門預期將提供大約90%。

The role of business will be crucial in fighting the threat of global warming, with the private sector expected to provide about 90 per cent of the 0bn a year investment needed.

這份協(xié)議的全部意義，要到新年過后很久才會明朗。

The full significance of the deal will not be known until well into next year.

下月底之前，各國理應在協(xié)議文稿中留出的空白處填上計劃減排的細節(jié)。然后，聯(lián)合國將安排更多談判予以跟進，最終達成一部具有法律約束力的全球條約。

Countries are supposed to fill in details of planned cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, left blank in the accord, by the end of next month. The UN is to follow with more talks towards a legally binding global treaty.

但企業(yè)表示，明顯的是，各國領導人在支持商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略重大轉變方面做得還不夠。沃瑟表示：“我們……意識到，這份協(xié)議反映了對抗氣候變化的真實政治意愿。不過，目前尚不清楚這種政治意愿將如何轉化為具體步驟。”

But companies said it was clear that world leaders had not yet done enough to underwrite a radical change in business strategy. Mr Voser said: “We...recognise that the accord reflects a true political willingness to combat climate change. However, it remains unclear how this political willingness will translate into concrete steps.”

歐洲能源集團意昂(Eon)此前承諾，若能在哥本哈根達成有力的協(xié)議，該集團將加快自己的減排速度。但該集團首席執(zhí)行官沃爾夫·伯諾泰特(Wulf Bernotat)警告稱，這樣的減排力度現(xiàn)在將“取決于”聯(lián)合國談判的進一步進展，尤其是美國和中國的表現(xiàn)。

Eon, the European energy group, had pledged to cut its emissions faster if there was a strong deal at Copenhagen. But Wulf Bernotat, its chief executive, warned such cuts would “depend on further progress” in the UN talks, and from the US and China in particular.

德國工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(BDI)總干事維爾納·施納普奧夫(Werner Schnappauf)表示，德國企業(yè)的反應，可能是把工作崗位轉移到環(huán)保標準不那么嚴格的國家。“對我們的企業(yè)來說，結果就是，創(chuàng)造一個（全球）公平競爭平臺的前景消退了，”他表示。

Werner Schnappauf, managing director of BDI, the German industrial association, said German companies could react by transferring jobs to countries with less strict environmental rules. “The result for our companies is that the creation of a [global] competitive level playing field has receded,” he said.

主張自由貿易的美國商業(yè)組織——美國對外貿易委員會(NFTC)敦促美國國會不要對從中國和印度等國進口的產品征收關稅，這些國家只同意減緩排放增長，而不是減少排放總量。

The National Foreign Trade Council, a US business group that lobbies for free trade, urged the US Congress not to impose tariffs on imports from countries such as China and India that have agreed only to slow emissions growth, not to cut it.

巴克萊資本(Barclays Capital)的特雷弗·西科爾斯基(Trevor Sikorski)表示，哥本哈根會議未能商定簽署條約的時間表，會削弱人們對碳排放市場的信心。“如果說這種結果將對（價格）走勢產生影響，那只能是下行的，”他說。

Trevor Sikorski of Barclays Capital said Copenhagen's failiure to agree on a timetable for a treaty would undermine confidence in carbon markets. “If [prices] are going to go in any direction as a result of this, it will be down,” he said.