鳩山任命新內閣 誓言改寫歷史

鳩山由紀夫周三正式出任日本首相

鳩山由紀夫(Yukio Hatoyama)周三正式出任日本首相，他承認日本當前經濟疲軟，誓言本屆政府將設法籌集資金實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模支出計劃。

Yukio Hatoyama took office as Japan's prime minister on Wednesday with a nod toward the nation's weakened economy and a pledge that his administration will find a way to pay for its ambitious spending programs.

現(xiàn)年62歲的日本民主黨主席鳩山由紀夫很快就公布了新的內閣成員名單，他任命了民主黨經驗最為豐富的議員在內閣擔任要職，以確保他的競選諾言能夠順利兌現(xiàn)。鳩山由紀夫還為養(yǎng)老及郵政等他計劃大規(guī)模整改的部門挑選了有激進派之名的議員來掌舵。

Mr. Hatoyama, the 62-year-old leader of the Democratic Party of Japan, immediately unveiled his new cabinet, assigning the party's most experienced lawmakers to top cabinet positions to ensure his campaign pledges are implemented smoothly. Mr. Hatoyama also picked lawmakers with reputations as activists to ministries where he has outlined aggressive policy changes, such as pension and postal overhauls.

鳩山由紀夫在一個新聞發(fā)布會上表示，我對于自己將改變歷史感到非常興奮，我必須改變歷史，我覺得自己背負著重大責任。他說戰(zhàn)斗才剛剛開始。鳩山由紀夫戴著一條金色和藍色相間的領帶出席了拜相儀式，鳩山由紀夫的夫人將這條領帶形容為他的'金牌'。

'I feel excited that I am changing history. I feel heavy responsibility that I must change history,' Mr. Hatoyama said at a news conference, wearing a gold and blue tie, which his wife Miyuki described as his 'gold medal.' He said that 'the battle begins now.'

他向美國官員發(fā)出了信號，稱將首先努力和奧巴馬(Obama)政府建立信任關系；鳩山由紀夫下周將出訪美國，并與奧巴馬會面。民主黨的勝利令日美兩國都有些心中沒底，因為該黨此前要求重新評估一項有關允許美國軍事人員在日本國土駐扎以及支持美國海軍在印度洋行動的協(xié)議。

He reached out to officials in the U.S., saying he will first try to build a trusting relationship with President Barack Obama when the two meet in the U.S. next week. The DPJ's victory has raised questions on both sides of the Pacific because the party has called for reassessing their agreement putting U.S. military personnel on Japanese soil and supporting U.S. naval operations in the Indian Ocean.

中左翼的日本民主黨在8月30日大選中取得了壓倒性勝利，令幾乎連續(xù)執(zhí)政50多年的自民黨(Liberal Democratic Party)出局。由于民主黨在國會擁有多數(shù)席位，鳩山由紀夫在眾議院的480個席位中贏得了327票，在參議院的237個中贏得了124票。

The center-left DPJ scored a landslide victory in Aug. 30 national elections, ousting the conservative Liberal Democratic Party that ruled Japan nearly continuously for more than five decades. With his party dominating Japan's parliament, Mr. Hatoyama won 327 votes from the 480 members of the lower house and 124 votes from the 237 votes cast in the upper chamber.

不過，民主黨這個建黨只有11年的政黨正面臨著越來越多的挑戰(zhàn)。其中就包括議員經驗的相對匱乏以及黨內政治理念的矛盾等。為了立法過程的順暢，民主黨還需要取悅聯(lián)合執(zhí)政的另外兩個政黨。

But the 11-year-old party faces mounting challenges, including a relative lack of experience among its lawmakers and conflicting political philosophies within the party itself. The DPJ also needs to satisfy two coalition partners needed to smoothly pass legislation.

民主黨還必須迎戰(zhàn)日本經濟的深層次問題，這些難題已造成日本經濟在將近20年的時間里持續(xù)疲軟，而且依舊嚴重依賴外國對汽車、電子等出口產品的需求。鳩山說，日本經濟前景依然不明朗，我們要貫徹那些能給人們帶來致富希望的政治措施。

It also must confront deep problems within the Japanese economy, which has endured about two decades of softness and is still heavily dependent on the world's demand for its exported vehicles and electronics. 'The outlook for the Japanese economy is still unclear,' Mr. Hatoyama said. 'We want to implement policy measures that give people hope that they will become more well-off.'

為拉動內需，民主黨已提出了一項雄心勃勃的國內支出計劃。這項為期四年的計劃每年的成本約為16.8萬億日圓（約合1,840億美元）。該計劃意在直接增加消費者的可用現(xiàn)金，包括提高兒童直接福利支出、發(fā)放學費補助、降低不受歡迎的高速路段收費等措施。

The party has proposed an ambitious domestic spending program to spur domestic demand that in about four years will cost about 16.8 trillion yen (4 billion) annually. The program is intended to put cash in consumers' pockets through higher direct per-child monthly payments, education subsidies and the dropping of unpopular highway tolls, among other measures.

為了填補這些支出窟窿，鳩山將求助于兩位日本政界名人。日本新政府周三確認，現(xiàn)年77歲的前財務大臣藤井裕久(Hirohisa Fujii)將出山再次擔任這一職務。外界認為藤井屬于財政保守派。鳩山已任命菅直人(Naoto Kan)出任副首相兼國家戰(zhàn)略大臣，意在把預算控制從日本的官僚機構手中奪過來。菅直人早年是個學生運動分子，后在上世紀90年代擔任厚生大臣時就與政府官僚有過交手。

To find ways to pay for it, Mr. Hatoyama will turn to two well-known faces in Japan. The new administration Wednesday confirmed the appointment of Hirohisa Fujii, a 77-year-old veteran of the powerful finance ministry who is considered a fiscal conservative. Mr. Hatoyama already has tapped Naoto Kan, a former student activist who dueled with the government bureauracy as health and welfare minister in the 1990s, to a new position intended to wrest budgetary control away from Japan's bureaucracy. Mr. Kan will also serve as deputy prime minister.

日本第一生命經濟研究所(Dai-Ichi Life Research Institute)的首席經濟學家秀夫熊野(Hideo Kumano)表示，鳩山選擇了一些經驗豐富的人士來鞏固自己的內閣，其重點是將實現(xiàn)團隊競選諾言的可能性最大化。

Mr. Hatoyama 'picked steady hands to fortify his cabinets,' said Hideo Kumano, chief economist for Dai-Ichi Life Research Institute. 'The focus is to maximize the chance of implementing the pledges in the campaign manifesto as a team.'

執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟友黨黨魁、總是坦率直言的龜井靜香(Shizuka Kamei)將出任金融特任大臣，負責金融服務和郵政業(yè)務改革。這一任命表明民主當有意反轉日本郵政(Japan Post)的私有化進程。日本郵政擁有龐大的郵政服務網絡，同時還是日本最大的銀行和保險商。

Shizuka Kamei, the outspoken head of a tiny coalition partner, was named minister in charge of financial services and postal overhaul. The appointment underlined the DPJ's intention to reverse the course in privatizing Japan Post, a sprawling post-office network that serves as Japan's largest bank and insurance provider.

2005 年脫離自民黨的龜井靜香以其反對減少國家干預的觀點而著稱，他曾公開反對前首相小泉純一郎(Junichiro Koizumi)的日本郵政私有化計劃。即便在他獲得任命之前，龜井靜香還對記者說日本郵政總裁西川孝文(Yoshifumi Nishikawa)應該做出辭職決定，這呼應了民主黨此前要求西川孝文請辭的呼聲。這位高管在日本商界擁有廣泛的支持。

Mr. Kamei, known for his antideregulation views, bolted from the LDP in 2005, protesting former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's postal privatization plan. Even before his appointment, Mr. Kamei told reporters that Japan Post Chief Executive Yoshifumi Nishikawa, who has broad support of the business community, 'should make a decision to give up his job,' echoing previous DPJ calls for him to resign.

龜井靜香周三晚間還表示政府將在金融業(yè)扮演更積極的角色，他說希望讓那些面臨融資困難的小企業(yè)可以得到延期還款三年的待遇。他說，金融機構必須考慮到自己的社會責任。

Mr. Kamei also signaled Wednesday night that the government would take a more active role in the finance industry. He said he wants to give a three-year moratorium on loan repayments to small companies facing funding problems. 'Financial institutions must think about their social responsibilities,' he said.

日本政府需要重建千創(chuàng)百孔的養(yǎng)老金體系以應對老齡化問題。鳩山任命民主黨黨內冉冉升起的政治明星長妻昭(Akira Nagatsuma)擔任厚生勞動大臣。長妻昭此前曾擔任雜志記者，因其在2006年的養(yǎng)老金丑聞案中不斷質問那些應為數(shù)百萬人養(yǎng)老金紀錄丟失負責的官僚政客而成了日本的風雨人物，人們甚至稱他為“養(yǎng)老金先生”。

To rebuild Japan's shaky pension system to withstand the accelerating aging of the population, Mr. Hatoyama named Akira Nagatsuma, the party's rising star known as Mr. Pension. The former magazine journalist became a national figure after relentlessly questioning bureaucrats responsible for losing pension records for millions of people in a 2006 scandal.