高級英語聽力- VOA新聞播報(bào) 04

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Garba said the evidence from Corlevo and Damanisi suggests Homo erectus entered Europe from the east or southeast, moving along the Danube River. It has been difficult to identify the age of places like Corolevo. The study dated the tools left by their makers on a riverbed by estimating when the layer holding the objects was buried under sediment. Matznutsen of Uhus University in Denmark described how scientists were able to date the prehistoric tools.
加爾巴說，來自科萊沃和達(dá)馬尼西的證據(jù)表明直立人從東部或東南部進(jìn)入歐洲，沿著多瑙河移動(dòng)。很難確定科萊沃等地的年代。這項(xiàng)研究通過估計(jì)存放這些物品的地層被沉積物掩埋的時(shí)間來確定制造者在河床上留下的工具的年代。丹麥烏胡斯大學(xué)的馬茨努森描述了科學(xué)家如何確定史前工具的年代。
 
He said cosmic rays from outer space are always passing through the Earth's atmosphere. When they do, they create particles that are smaller than atoms, such as neutrons and muons. These particles are so small that they pass through all sorts of materials. These particles react with minerals in rocks to produce radioactive nucleides, a class of atoms. The sediment was dated based on the ratio of two nucleides. This is possible because the two nucleides break down at different rates through the process of radioactive decay. Europe was later colonized by other human ancestor species, including Homo heidelbergensis and Neanderthals.
他說，來自外太空的宇宙射線總是穿過地球大氣層。當(dāng)它們穿過大氣層時(shí)，它們會產(chǎn)生比原子更小的粒子，例如中子和μ子。這些粒子非常小，以至于它們可以穿過各種物質(zhì)。這些粒子與巖石中的礦物質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生放射性核素，即一類原子。沉積物的年代是根據(jù)兩種核素的比例確定的。這是可能的，因?yàn)檫@兩種核素在放射性衰變過程中以不同的速率分解。后來，歐洲被其他人類祖先物種殖民，包括海德堡人和尼安德特人。
 
Scientists say Homo sapiens evolved in Africa about 300,000 years ago. They arrived in large numbers in Europe around 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. The researchers suspect evidence of human occupation in Europe that is even older than Coralevo will be found. "The question is not if, but when we will find a site of similar or older age somewhere else in Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria or Serbia," Garba said.
科學(xué)家說，智人大約在 30 萬年前在非洲進(jìn)化。大約在 4 萬至 4.5 萬年前，他們大量抵達(dá)歐洲。研究人員懷疑，歐洲的人類居住證據(jù)甚至比科拉列沃還要古老。“問題不在于我們是否能在烏克蘭、羅馬尼亞、保加利亞或塞爾維亞的其他地方找到類似或更古老的遺址，而是何時(shí)能找到，”加爾巴說。
 
I'm John Russell.
約翰·羅素為您報(bào)道。