新概念英語第四冊(cè)（美音版）The search for oil

Lesson 13
The search for oil
探尋石油
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet. But we not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When is has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
mineral
adj. 礦物的
boring
n. 鉆孔
derrick
n. 井架
block and tackle
滑輪組
haul
v. 拖，拉
rotate
v. 使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)
cutting bit
鉆頭
geologist
n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)家
coring
取芯鉆頭
cylinder
n. 圓柱體
strata
n. 巖層[復(fù)]([單]stratum或strata [誤用])
circulate
v. 注入，環(huán)流
gusher
n. 噴油井