新概念英語第三冊(cè)（美音版）Speed and comfort

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾people
people who travel long distance frequently
frequently 定期地，經(jīng)常地 quite often
have to decide== have to make up their mind
would rather; would sooner 要和動(dòng)詞原形搭配
had better do 最好地
would prefer to do
would rather do

hardly + anyone 等不定代詞時(shí)不倒裝，在這相當(dāng)于nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody

You concentrate your mind on the journey itself, nothing can help you to keep away from it.

take your mind off sth 把某人注意力從…轉(zhuǎn)移開
Eg: A holiday can take your mind off your anxiety.
Do keep your mind off your unHappiness.
I can’t take my mind off my examination, because examination day is coming.

partial solution == one part of solution

L44-03 end 18’33”

L44-04 begin 18’35”

Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
exhausted 在這里是形容詞做狀語
wear out; tire out; fatigue; knock out 筋疲力盡

Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.
The writer emphasize disadvantage of travelling by train.
Travelling by car is moeunpleasant than travelling in the train.

fairly 的語氣是最弱的
more often than not 主要用在書面語言當(dāng)中，means very often, usually, frequetly

By comparison 通過對(duì)比
offer == provide
comforts 在這兒指代service

Be likely to do 有可能……
== it is probable that
could not be + 形容詞比較級(jí)， can not be +形容詞比較級(jí)，no… could be 表示“沒有什么比…”
Eg: Nobody can be more beautiful than you.
No place can / could be better. 沒有什么地方比這兒更好。

relatively 相對(duì)來講
Eg: A large number of people are prepared to sacrifice their higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.
Relatively, few people are prepared to sacrifice their holiday time for the dubious pleasure of travelling by sea.
dubious == uncertain == doubtful

paragraph 2

Aeroplanes are famous / well-known for its being dangerous.

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L44-05 begin 18’52”

have the disadvantage of
have the reputation of

match sb. for
but nothing can be equal to them.
第二部分當(dāng)中是采用對(duì)比法
It is almost impossible to take your mindoff the journey.
You don’t have to / needn’t devise ways of taking your mind off the journey.

hardly… when
You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your destination.
on some services 在這里指代on airplane

Keep one’s mind off 轉(zhuǎn)移注意力
Keep sb. occupied 集中注意力

however == no matter how

If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you will find aeroplanes provide up with the best.

Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying abroad.
at first, you must illustrate your topic
the disadvantage of studying at Home.
the disadvantage of studying abroad.
最后通過實(shí)例詳細(xì)論述出國(guó)留學(xué)的好處。

關(guān)于寫作：
三段法
第一段：開門見山
中間段：支持段一般是由一段或兩段組成，目的是支持論點(diǎn)
每段的開頭一句話和最后一句話一定要和主題密切聯(lián)系。
參見Lesson 41

L44-05 end 18’52”
Lesson44A end 1:32:39

Lesson44B begin 1:12:29
L44-06 begin 18’43”

最主要的方法有三種：對(duì)比法，比較法，例證法
結(jié)尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)主題，加深讀者印象。
段落是由主題句，擴(kuò)展句組成，擴(kuò)展句之后是具體的例子。
想表達(dá)不同的理論概念，要用轉(zhuǎn)折句。
主題句應(yīng)該要簡(jiǎn)練，要明確地表達(dá)中心思想。
Eg: 1. The discrimination agaist women is very obvious in the world.
2. The discrimination agaist women is especially obvious in the job of marketing.
3. The discrimination agaist women began in 1910.
topic 應(yīng)為2。
主題句應(yīng)該具有概括性，但是概括又不能太寬泛。
主題句確立之后，還要進(jìn)一步利用擴(kuò)展句為說明解釋主題句的內(nèi)容。
重復(fù)使用關(guān)鍵詞。
內(nèi)容要連貫。

銜接詞的使用
1． 起 （開篇，引出論點(diǎn)）： at first, first, firstly, in the beginning(起初)， first of all, at present(目前), nowadays, currently, to start with, to begin with ,for one thing(首先), for another(其次), in one hand 一方面， in the other hand 另一方面
2． 承： to start with, at the same time, at any rate無論如何，
besides此外，除了…之外還有，apart from, in addition, in addition to, furthermore,
in fact 事實(shí)上，actually, as a matter of fact, in reality , moreover, no doubt, without any doubt,
similarly 同樣地， in the same way , meanwhile, in the meantime, obviously明顯地，particularly,
such as, for example, for instance, consequently, as a consequence, as a result,
what is more, what is worse, what is better
above all


3．折： after all 畢竟，終究, all the same 雖然，但是， anyway 無論如何, somehow, but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, by the time 到這個(gè)時(shí)候，此時(shí)，conversely, on the contrary, despite, in spite of , in contempt of, in disregard of, by contrast, by comparison, fortunately, in other words 換句話說，on the other hand, unlike 和……不同，不像, whereas然而，
Eg: He made a mistake, after all he is a child aged 5.
Even though you are not of most help, I’m grateful to you just the same.
I had expected myself to pass the examination, somehow I failed.
I don’t have the ability to do the work, fortunately my friends romise me to help me.

4．合： 主要是用來小結(jié)上文的或是用作結(jié)尾段: accordingly于是，因此，as has been noted (above) 如前所述的，as has been mentioned, as has been talked of,
at last, finally, lastly, at length,
briefly簡(jiǎn)而言之，in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, in sum, in summary, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, on the whole 總起說來

no doubt 毫無疑問， undoubtedly, truly, certainly, positively, surely, obviously,
Topic 主題
1. 可以使用諺語作為topic
as the saying goes; as proverb goes
2. 定義法
What is advertisement, it is the words or pictures on a media to promote product / the sale of product.
作業(yè)：illustrate your opinion about advertisements on media.
3. 可以使用提問法:Lesson 7
illustrate your opinion about friendship
Do you have a good / large circle of friends?
4. 概括法：出現(xiàn)在開頭段的首句或末句。
I quite agree with this idea.
5. 間接開頭法：先敘述別人的觀點(diǎn)，然后引出自己的真實(shí)看法。
Eg: People often say that money can buy all the things, but I think it is not true.