冠狀病毒不會(huì)隨著天氣變暖而消失

冠狀病毒不會(huì)隨著天氣變暖而消失

A prestigious scientific panel told the White House Tuesday that it doesn't look like coronavirus will go away once the weather warms up.

周二，一個(gè)著名的科學(xué)小組告訴白宮，一旦天氣變暖，冠狀病毒似乎不會(huì)消失。

In their letter to the White House, members of a National Academy of Sciences committee said data is mixed on whether coronavirus spreads as easily in warm weather as it does in cold weather, but that it might not matter much given that so few people in the world are immune to coronavirus.

美國國家科學(xué)院一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員在給白宮的信中說，關(guān)于冠狀病毒在溫暖天氣中是否像在寒冷天氣中一樣容易傳播的數(shù)據(jù)好壞參半，但鑒于世界上對(duì)冠狀病毒免疫的人如此之少，這可能無關(guān)緊要。

"There is some evidence to suggest that [coronavirus] may transmit less efficiently in environments with higher ambient temperature and humidity; however, given the lack of host immunity globally, this reduction in transmission efficiency may not lead to a significant reduction in disease spread without the concomitant adoption of major public health interventions," according to the letter.

“有證據(jù)表明，[冠狀病毒]在環(huán)境溫度和濕度較高的環(huán)境中傳播效率可能較低;但是，鑒于全球缺乏宿主免疫力，信中稱，如果不同時(shí)采取重大公共衛(wèi)生干預(yù)措施，傳播效率的降低可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病傳播的顯著減少。

The letter noted, for example, that a study of China showed that even under maximum temperature and humidity conditions, the virus spread "exponentially," with every infected person spreading it to nearly two other people on average.

例如，信中指出，對(duì)中國的研究顯示，即使在最高溫度和濕度條件下，病毒也會(huì)“呈指數(shù)級(jí)”傳播，平均每個(gè)感染者會(huì)傳染給近兩個(gè)人。

Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, who is not a member of the NAS committee, said, "Although we can hope weather will make some contribution to the reduction in transmission, we can't rely on it alone. We have to continue to employ social distancing and other measures to reduce transmission."

范德比爾特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心的傳染病專家威廉·沙夫納博士不是美國國家科學(xué)院委員會(huì)的成員，他說，“雖然我們可以希望天氣會(huì)對(duì)減少傳播做出一些貢獻(xiàn)，但我們不能僅僅依靠天氣。”我們必須繼續(xù)采取(保持)社會(huì)距離和其他措施來減少傳播。”

The letter from the NAS scientists notes that some laboratory studies have shown reduced transmission of the virus under warmer and more humid conditions, but that it's still a concern.

美國國家科學(xué)院的科學(xué)家在信中指出，一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究顯示，在更溫暖和更潮濕的環(huán)境下，病毒的傳播有所減少，但這仍然令人擔(dān)憂。

The letter describes how Chad Roy, a researcher at Tulane University, subjected the virus to hot and humid temperatures in the laboratory, and studied it for 16 hours.

信中描述了美國杜蘭大學(xué)的研究人員查德·羅伊如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里將病毒置于高溫潮濕的環(huán)境中，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了16個(gè)小時(shí)的研究。

Roy reports that new coronavirus lived longer than flu, monkeypox, tuberculosis or the coronavirus that causes SARS, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome, according to the letter from the NAS's Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats.

根據(jù)美國國家科學(xué)院新發(fā)傳染病和21世紀(jì)健康威脅常設(shè)委員會(huì)的報(bào)告，羅伊的報(bào)告說，新型冠狀病毒比流感、猴痘、肺結(jié)核或引起SARS的冠狀病毒，即嚴(yán)重急性呼吸系統(tǒng)綜合癥的壽命更長(zhǎng)。

The scientists sent the letter to Kelvin Droegemeier at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

科學(xué)家們把這封信寄給了白宮科技政策辦公室的開爾文·德魯蓋邁爾。

The letter points out that in the real world, the virus is still transmitting in countries with warm weather.

信中指出，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，這種病毒仍在氣候溫暖的國家傳播。

"Given that countries currently in 'summer' climates, such as Australia and Iran, are experiencing rapid virus spread, a decrease in cases with increases in humidity and temperature elsewhere should not be assumed," according to the letter.

信中說：“鑒于澳大利亞和伊朗等目前處于‘夏季’氣候的國家正經(jīng)歷著病毒的快速傳播，因此不應(yīng)假設(shè)其他地方的濕度和溫度升高時(shí)病例會(huì)有所減少。”。

The letter also notes that while flu typically is seasonal, that's not necessarily the case when there's a new strain of the flu and very few individuals have any immunity.

信中還指出，雖然流感通常是季節(jié)性的，但當(dāng)出現(xiàn)新的流感病毒株，很少有人有免疫力時(shí)，情況未必如此。

New strains of flu have broken out in warm and cold weather, and then there's been a second wave about six months later.

新的流感病毒在溫暖和寒冷的天氣中爆發(fā)，然后大約6個(gè)月后又出現(xiàn)了第二波。

Dr. Paul Offit, an infectious disease specialist, noted that while the coronaviruses that cause the common cold are seasonal, this new coronavirus is different because it originated in animals, not humans.

傳染病專家保羅·奧菲特博士指出，雖然引起普通感冒的冠狀病毒是季節(jié)性的，但這種新的冠狀病毒不同，因?yàn)樗鹪从趧?dòng)物，而不是人類。

"It's unclear how this virus is going to act," said Offit, a professor of pediatrics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

“目前還不清楚這種病毒將如何發(fā)揮作用，”費(fèi)城兒童醫(yī)院的兒科教授奧菲特說。