看懂2019年全國兩會(huì)必備的雙語詞匯

據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，全國政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議于3月3日下午3時(shí)在北京人民大會(huì)堂開幕。這也標(biāo)志著每年3月份準(zhǔn)時(shí)召開的全國兩會(huì)正式拉開帷幕。

2019年是新中國成立70周年，也是全面建成小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵之年。今年兩會(huì)值得關(guān)注點(diǎn)都有哪些呢?

為大家準(zhǔn)備了兩會(huì)知識點(diǎn)和必備雙語詞：

兩會(huì)

two sessions

兩會(huì)是“全國人民代表大會(huì)”(the National People's Congress，NPC)和“中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議”(the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，CPPCC)的簡稱。

媒體一般把“兩會(huì)”譯為two sessions。

▌今年召開的是

十三屆全國人大二次會(huì)議

the second session of the 13th NPC

全國政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議

the second session of the 13th CPPCC

▌2019兩會(huì)開幕時(shí)間

十三屆全國人大二次會(huì)議：3月5日

全國政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議：3月3日

☆ 小貼士：為什么每年全國兩會(huì)都在3月開?

①全國兩會(huì)在3月召開的慣例，始于1985年

②財(cái)政年度以自然年度計(jì)算，3月舉行，可以給統(tǒng)計(jì)和總結(jié)留出時(shí)間

③農(nóng)歷春節(jié)一般會(huì)在一月到二月，選在3月可以避免與春節(jié)重疊。

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全國人民代表大會(huì)

the National People's Congress, NPC

▌性質(zhì)

最高國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)(the country's highest organ of State power)

▌常設(shè)機(jī)關(guān)

全國人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)(the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress)

▌任期

每屆任期5年，每年舉行1次會(huì)議

▌職權(quán)

修改憲法，監(jiān)督憲法實(shí)施;

制定和修改刑事、民事、國家機(jī)構(gòu)的和其他的國家基本法律;

The NPC exercises legislative power, amends the Constitution and supervises its enforcement, formulates and amends basic statutes and other laws.

選舉、決定和罷免(elects, decides and recalls)國家機(jī)構(gòu)組成人員;

審查和決定基礎(chǔ)的、長期的、重要的國家事務(wù);

The NPC examines and decides on the fundamental, long-term and key issues of the state.

根據(jù)憲法和法律監(jiān)督政府工作。

The NPC supervises government work in accordance with the Constitution and laws.

☆ 全國人民代表大會(huì)用英語還可以表述為：national legislative body、national legislature、the country's top legislature

▌人大代表選舉方式

根據(jù)《選舉法》規(guī)定，縣、鄉(xiāng)兩級人大代表由本行政區(qū)選民直接選舉產(chǎn)生，省級、設(shè)區(qū)的市級人大代表由下一級人大選舉產(chǎn)生，全國人大代表由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市、特別行政區(qū)和解放軍選出的代表組成。

According to the Electoral Law, deputies to county- and township-level people's congresses are directly elected by voters, while deputies to people's congresses above the county-level are elected by deputies to people's congresses at the next lower level; deputies to the NPC are elected by people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

全國人大代表實(shí)行差額選舉。候選人人數(shù)要多于代表人數(shù)五分之一至二分之一。通過無記名投票選舉，候選人獲得全體代表過半數(shù)的選票才當(dāng)選。各政黨、各人民團(tuán)體可以聯(lián)合或者單獨(dú)推薦代表候選人，代表10人以上聯(lián)名也可以推薦代表候選人。

Deputies to the NPC are elected by secret ballot, and the number of candidates is greater than the number of deputies to be elected by between one fifth and a half. All parties and people's organizations may jointly or separately recommend candidates for NPC deputies, and a group of more than ten deputies to a provincial-level people's congress may recommend a candidate.

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中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議

the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，CPPCC

簡稱人民政協(xié)，是中國最高政治咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)(the top political advisory body)，是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商的重要機(jī)構(gòu)(multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China)。社會(huì)各界主要代表在會(huì)上共同參政議政。

▌性質(zhì)

中國人民愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的組織;中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商的重要機(jī)構(gòu);我國政治生活中發(fā)揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義民主的一種重要形式。

The CPPCC is a patriotic united front organization of the Chinese people, serving as a key mechanism for multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and a major manifestation of socialist democracy.

▌任期

政協(xié)全國委員會(huì)每屆任期5年，每年舉行1次會(huì)議

▌人民政協(xié)的職能

主要職能是政治協(xié)商和民主監(jiān)督，組織參加政協(xié)的各黨派、團(tuán)體和各族各界人士參政議政。

政治協(xié)商是對國家和地方的大政方針以及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)生活中的重要問題在決策之前進(jìn)行協(xié)商和就決策執(zhí)行過程中的重要問題進(jìn)行協(xié)商。

Political consultation covers major principles and policies proposed by the central and local governments and matters of importance concerning political, economic, cultural and social affairs.

▌?wù)f(xié)委員產(chǎn)生方式

政協(xié)委員以協(xié)商推薦的方式產(chǎn)生(selected through consultation and recommendation)。

每屆政協(xié)委員名額和人選經(jīng)上屆全國委員會(huì)主席會(huì)議審議同意后，由常務(wù)委員會(huì)協(xié)商決定(approved by the Chairs Council of the preceding CPPCC National Committee)。

政協(xié)委員是中國各個(gè)領(lǐng)域、各個(gè)界別的代表(The CPPCC members represent all areas and various sectors of society)。

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容易混淆的兩會(huì)提法

▌全國人民代表大會(huì)

成員是“代表”(NPC deputies)

人大代表提“議案”(motion)

“審議”政府工作報(bào)告(deliberate government work report)

履行職責(zé)、行使權(quán)力(fulfil duty and exercise power)

人大會(huì)議是“X屆全國人大X次會(huì)議”

(the Xth session of Xth NPC，比如：今年的人大會(huì)議是十三屆全國人大二次會(huì)議，the second session of the 13th NPC)

▌中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議

成員是“委員”(CPPCC members)

政協(xié)委員提“提案”(proposal)

“討論”政府工作報(bào)告(discuss government work report)

政協(xié)委員參政議政(participate in the discussion and the handling of state affairs)

政協(xié)會(huì)議是“全國政協(xié)X屆X次會(huì)議”

(the Xth session of Xth CPPCC National Committee， 比如：今年的中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議是全國政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議，the second session of the 13th CPPCC)

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今年兩會(huì)熱點(diǎn)議題

正風(fēng)反腐

anti-corruption

全面依法治國

law-based governance of the country

社會(huì)保障

social security

教育公平

educational equality

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)

internet + government services

收入分配

distribution of income

脫貧攻堅(jiān)

poverty alleviation

環(huán)境保護(hù)

environmental protection