大學(xué)要淘汰“水課”了？
對(duì)于一些中國(guó)高中生而言，高考便是他們學(xué)業(yè)的終極目標(biāo)。他們認(rèn)為，一旦考上大學(xué)，生活就會(huì)變得輕松了。然而，如今獲得本科文憑需要比過(guò)去更努力才行。
In September, the Ministry of Education released an announcement, requiring universities to increase the difficulty of undergraduate courses and work harder to end academic misconduct in bachelor’s theses.
今年9月，教育部印發(fā)通知，要求各高校合理提升學(xué)業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)度、增加課程難度、拓展課程深度，嚴(yán)肅處理抄襲、偽造、篡改、代寫(xiě)、買(mǎi)賣(mài)畢業(yè)論文等違紀(jì)問(wèn)題。
This came after a change put forward by Minister of Education Chen Baosheng during a meeting held in Chengdu in June. Chen said that universities should “reasonably increase students’ academic burden” to encourage them to work harder and improve their knowledge and skill levels.
此前，教育部部長(zhǎng)陳寶生6月在成都的一次會(huì)議上提出要做出改變。陳寶生表示，對(duì)大學(xué)生要合理“增負(fù)”，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力和專業(yè)志趣。
In China, students often study hard during high school to achieve high gaokao scores and get admitted to a good university. However, once entering university, many students lose interest in their studies, let alone acquiring outstanding academic abilities, according to Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences.
在中國(guó)，學(xué)生們往往在高中階段刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，從而在高考中取得好成績(jī)，考上一個(gè)好大學(xué)。然而，中國(guó)教育科學(xué)研究院研究員儲(chǔ)朝暉卻認(rèn)為，不少學(xué)生考上大學(xué)后就對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣，更不要說(shuō)習(xí)得出色的學(xué)術(shù)能力了。
This phenomenon could be because the pressure to study at university is lower than that of high school.
這種現(xiàn)象源于大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)壓力比高中要小得多。
“You get a degree whether you study or not, so why bother studying?” Wang Qi, 26, a graduate student in Beijing, told The New York Times.
“反正學(xué)不學(xué)都會(huì)拿到文憑，那為啥還要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)呢?”北京的一名畢業(yè)生王琦(音譯)在接受《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示。
Indeed, Chinese universities have a relatively high graduation rate compared to Western ones.
的確，國(guó)內(nèi)高校的畢業(yè)率相對(duì)要高于西方高校。
According to a study released by Xiamen University in 2016, among 820 universities in China, both the average graduation rate and the average degree awarding rate reached about 97 percent. However, the average graduation rate of Top 50 US universities only reached about 89 percent.
根據(jù)廈門(mén)大學(xué)2016年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，全國(guó)820所高校的平均畢業(yè)率和學(xué)位授予率均達(dá)到了97%左右。而美國(guó)排在前50名的高校畢業(yè)率僅為89%左右。
“The evaluation standards in universities aren’t very high,” Sang Guoyuan, a professor of education at Beijing Normal University, told The Economic Observer. “Many poorly performing students are given ‘passes’ by teachers as long as they attend classes.”
“高校的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不高，”北京師范大學(xué)教育學(xué)教授桑國(guó)元在接受《經(jīng)濟(jì)觀察報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示。“不少學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生只要去上了課，老師們就會(huì)給‘過(guò)’。”
However, in the US, to make sure education quality is kept high, universities always “keep the students under competitive pressure by assigning them challenging tasks,” Xiong Bingqi, deputy director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, wrote on the China Daily website.
然而在美國(guó)，高校為了確保教育質(zhì)量，往往會(huì)“給學(xué)生們布置有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，讓他們處于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力之下，”21世紀(jì)教育研究院副院長(zhǎng)熊丙奇在中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站上撰文寫(xiě)道。
For example, US universities have “weed-out courses”, which are designed to kick out students who don’t meet certain academic criteria.
比如，美國(guó)大學(xué)設(shè)有“淘汰課程”，會(huì)將課上沒(méi)有達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)生淘汰掉。
However, while the Ministry of Education’s plans aim to increase “university students’ academic burden”, they’re not intended to put extra pressure on them. Instead, the new requirements are meant to fulfill the basic requirements of university education, according to Xiong. As Guangming Daily put it, “University is an important time in shaping young people’s personalities and values.”
然而，盡管教育部計(jì)劃要“對(duì)大學(xué)生合理增負(fù)”，但并不打算給學(xué)生們?cè)黾宇~外的壓力。熊丙奇認(rèn)為，新要求旨在達(dá)到高校教育的基本要求。正如《光明日?qǐng)?bào)》所說(shuō)，“大學(xué)是年輕人心理塑造和價(jià)值觀養(yǎng)成的重要時(shí)期。”
