東京奧運(yùn)：做志愿者給學(xué)分？這還是“志愿者”嗎？
兩年前，日本對(duì)2020年東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者招募提出了嚴(yán)格的要求，而今卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有足夠的志愿者應(yīng)征。于是，組織方轉(zhuǎn)而將目光瞄向了大學(xué)及龐大的大學(xué)生群體，甚至還為愿當(dāng)志愿者的學(xué)生調(diào)整課程安排。
In the latest move to entice students to volunteer for the Olympics, a large number of universities have begun to offer academic credits as a form of remuneration. According to broadcasting corporation NHK’s survey, 49 percent of universities in Tokyo — both national and private — are now considering that option.
在吸引大學(xué)生成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)志愿者的最新舉措中，很多大學(xué)都開始為志愿者提供學(xué)分作為報(bào)酬。根據(jù)日本放送協(xié)會(huì)(NHK)的調(diào)查，東京有49%的大學(xué)(有國(guó)立也有私立)都正在考慮這一選擇。
東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)志愿者為啥這么難招?先來看看今年3月份東京奧組委公布的志愿者征集方案：
組委會(huì)表示，直接參與到奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者將達(dá)到8萬人左右。征集方案規(guī)定志愿者至少服務(wù)10天以上，且每天工作時(shí)間不少于8小時(shí)。
組委會(huì)將為此支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用，但一日三餐包括住宿交通費(fèi)用均需志愿者自己承擔(dān)。在上崗前，志愿者還需參加兩次統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)及說明會(huì)。除了組委會(huì)，以東京市政府的名義同樣將預(yù)計(jì)招募3萬志愿者，工作周期將會(huì)持續(xù)5天以上，每天5小時(shí)。
志愿者服務(wù)時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，不包食宿自掏腰包的政策一經(jīng)發(fā)出便飽受爭(zhēng)議。
有人吐槽說：“還敢招募8萬人去受罪!”“這什么破工作簡(jiǎn)直就像奴役!”“這種強(qiáng)制規(guī)定，只有又有錢又閑的人才能參加!”。
學(xué)分激勵(lì)政策靠譜嗎?
In order to graduate, university students must achieve a set amount of credits.
為了順利畢業(yè)，大學(xué)生都需要修滿一定數(shù)額的學(xué)分。
While rewarding student volunteers with credits to advance their undergraduate programs is a nice gesture, the move also makes clear that the Olympic Committee does not want to pay for highly-skilled individuals who must speak a foreign language, work over ten full days, and sit through several training sessions. Not to mention that they must pass an interview.
學(xué)分可以讓大學(xué)生本科階段的學(xué)習(xí)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)。用學(xué)分獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)學(xué)生志愿者的確是個(gè)妙招，但這也清楚地表明東京奧組委并不想為那些必須說外語、至少全天工作10天、還得參加數(shù)次培訓(xùn)的高技能人才支付任何費(fèi)用，更別提他們還得通過面試選拔了。
These people should just be properly paid.
這些工作人員應(yīng)該得到合適的酬勞。
The move also raises the question of what it means to volunteer. While it’s quite obvious by now there isn’t enough people to fill the 110,000 spots required, dangling credits to push students into assisting the event is still morally ambiguous. Those who are reluctant to help might feel pressured to do so in order to score academically, which really defeats the purpose of volunteering in the first place.
此舉還令人們對(duì)“志愿者”的含義提出了質(zhì)疑。顯而易見的是，東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)需要11萬名志愿者，但想加入的人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。通過學(xué)分來爭(zhēng)取讓學(xué)生參加，這種做法在道德上仍舊存疑。為了拿到學(xué)分，一些學(xué)生可能被迫去做志愿者，這首先就違背了志愿活動(dòng)的初衷。
對(duì)于這個(gè)極具爭(zhēng)議的舉動(dòng)，東京大學(xué)高等教育研究與發(fā)展中心的小林昌之教授說：
“Volunteering is essentially willing participation, as disaster volunteers and Olympic volunteers are inherently different. It’s unacceptable that institutions are enticing university students with promises of academic credit.”
“從本質(zhì)上來說，志愿活動(dòng)需要自愿參與。而救災(zāi)志愿者與奧運(yùn)志愿者也有本質(zhì)不同。一些機(jī)構(gòu)以學(xué)分為許諾，吸引大學(xué)生做志愿者，這讓人無法接受。”
As Kobayashi stated, it’s unprecedented that the Japanese ministry is doing so much to push students into volunteering for one sporting event, whereas no such effort is seen when lives are at stake during catastrophic disasters.
正如小林昌之教授所說，在日本，如此大費(fèi)周章地鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生成為體育比賽的志愿者，這還是頭一回。即使是在民眾生命受到威脅的巨大災(zāi)難中，也從未有過類似舉動(dòng)。
東京奧組委用學(xué)分來使學(xué)生們改變決定，日本網(wǎng)友們也紛紛表達(dá)了不滿：
“That’s not volunteering at all.”
“這根本就算不上什么志愿活動(dòng)。”
“That means no one wants to do it.”
“這意味著根本就沒人愿意當(dāng)志愿者。”
“I don’t understand this at all.”
“我完全不能理解。”
“So those that help out in the Paralympics get credit, but those who volunteer during disasters don’t?”
“在殘奧會(huì)上幫忙的人可以拿到學(xué)分，而參加救災(zāi)的志愿者卻沒有?”
“This is what education in Japan is about?”
“這就是日本教育的意義所在嗎?”
Offering Japanese students academic credits as a carrot on a stick seems like the wrong way to encourage volunteerism, but precious time is ticking away for the Olympic Committee. If they cannot get the required 110,000 volunteers soon, an army of emotionless androids might just work.
用學(xué)分作為激勵(lì)看起來是鼓勵(lì)志愿活動(dòng)的一種錯(cuò)誤方式，但對(duì)東京奧組委來說，時(shí)間也越來越緊迫。如果他們無法很快湊齊所需要的11萬名志愿者，或許那些冷冰冰的機(jī)器人就要派上用場(chǎng)了。
