華為在全球科技冷戰(zhàn)中的新前線：澳大利亞

SYDNEY, Australia — Already essentially shut out of the United States, the Chinese technology giant Huawei is scrambling to salvage its reputation in another country where growing worries over spying and security could hurt its chances at a big chunk of business.

澳大利亞悉尼——已基本被美國(guó)拒之門外的中國(guó)科技巨頭華為，正在另一個(gè)國(guó)家忙著挽救自己的聲譽(yù)。在這里，對(duì)間諜活動(dòng)和安全的擔(dān)憂日漸加劇，可能會(huì)損害華為在大量業(yè)務(wù)上的機(jī)會(huì)。

In an unusual letter to politicians in Australia made public this week, Huawei defended its status as a longtime supplier of networking gear and other equipment to the country’s biggest telecommunications companies. The letter came after news reports that Australian politicians were likely to shut the firm out of a potentially lucrative contract to upgrade the nation’s mobile network over security concerns. It also followed growing concerns among Australian leaders about Chinese influence in the country.

在本周公開(kāi)的一封寫給澳大利亞政界人士的信中，華為替自己長(zhǎng)期為澳大利亞最大的電信公司提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備和其他設(shè)備的身份進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)。在這封不同尋常的信出現(xiàn)之前，有新聞報(bào)道稱，出于安全考慮，澳大利亞政界人士可能會(huì)將該公司排除在一份利潤(rùn)可能會(huì)相當(dāng)可觀的合同之外。該合同涉及的項(xiàng)目是升級(jí)澳大利亞的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。同時(shí)，此前澳大利亞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)中國(guó)在該國(guó)的影響力的擔(dān)憂日漸加劇。

Barring the company from bidding on fifth-generation, or 5G, telecom networks would be “ill informed” and “not based on facts,” Huawei said in its letter.

華為在信中寫道，禁止華為競(jìng)標(biāo)第五代(又名5G)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)是“過(guò)于片面”的，并且“沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù)”。

“To completely exclude Huawei from 5G in Australia means excluding Huawei from the entire Australian market,” it said. “We don’t believe this would be in Australia’s best interest.”

“將華為完全排除在澳大利亞5G之外意味著將華為排除在整個(gè)澳大利亞市場(chǎng)之外，”信中寫道。“我們認(rèn)為這不符合澳大利亞的最大利益。”

Huawei fears that the world is embarking on a new cold war, this time over technology. As Australia may show, Huawei could get caught in the middle.

華為擔(dān)心，全世界正在開(kāi)始一場(chǎng)新的冷戰(zhàn)，這一次是圍繞技術(shù)。正如澳大利亞可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的局面一樣，華為可能會(huì)被夾在中間。

More and more, the United States and China are offering differing visions of the future of technology, each powered by their own national champions. Security, data protection and cyberspying are big drivers of both countries’ efforts to help homegrown companies and shut out foreign rivals. That hits at Huawei’s core business: supplying the equipment that powers the wireless age.

在各自的行業(yè)翹楚驅(qū)動(dòng)下，美國(guó)和中國(guó)日漸對(duì)科技未來(lái)給出了不同的設(shè)想。安全、數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜活動(dòng)是促使兩國(guó)幫助本土企業(yè)并將外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手拒之門外的主要因素。這打擊到了華為的核心業(yè)務(wù)：供應(yīng)為無(wú)線時(shí)代提供動(dòng)力的設(shè)備。

United States officials have said for years that Huawei products pose unacceptable security risks for Americans, citing the company’s ties to Beijing and its murky ownership. As a result, large American wireless carriers already shun its products, and smaller ones may soon be barred from using the brand under proposed new rules.

多年來(lái)，美國(guó)官方一直以華為與北京的關(guān)系和所有權(quán)不明為由，稱華為的產(chǎn)品給美國(guó)構(gòu)成了不可接受的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，美國(guó)大型無(wú)線運(yùn)營(yíng)商已經(jīng)放棄了華為的產(chǎn)品，并且根據(jù)提議的新規(guī)定，較小的運(yùn)營(yíng)商可能很快也會(huì)被禁止使用該品牌的產(chǎn)品。

Separately, Huawei is also under investigation in Washington over whether it violated American trade sanctions against Iran and other countries. Illegal exports of American-sourced technology were the reason for recent, near-fatal penalties meted out by the Trump administration to ZTE, another Chinese telecom equipment maker.

另外，華盛頓還在就華為是否違反了美國(guó)對(duì)伊朗和其他國(guó)家的貿(mào)易制裁進(jìn)行調(diào)查。最近，中國(guó)另一家電信設(shè)備制造商中興因非法出口源自美國(guó)的技術(shù)而被特朗普政府施以近乎致命的處罰。

Huawei officials have said repeatedly that the company is owned by its employees, not the Communist Party, and that it is a private firm that does not answer to any government. It has said it complies with the laws wherever it operates.

華為的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人多次表示，華為的所有人是它的員工，不是共產(chǎn)黨，并且華為是一家私營(yíng)公司，不向任何政府負(fù)責(zé)。華為自稱遵守業(yè)務(wù)所在地的法律。

Still, Huawei’s big worry is that officials in other countries may someday follow Washington’s lead. Some of America’s closest political and military allies use the company’s technology. Customers in Britain, Canada, Germany and New Zealand are among its biggest.

但華為最大的擔(dān)憂是，其他國(guó)家的官員有一天可能會(huì)效仿華盛頓。美國(guó)最親密的一些政治和軍事盟友使用的正是該公司的技術(shù)。英國(guó)、加拿大、德國(guó)和新西蘭屬于它最大的客戶。

Huawei this week pointed to its business in those countries as proof that it can be a reliable and secure partner. It said it had passed security inspections by officials in Britain, Canada and New Zealand. It offered to build a testing center where Australian officials could monitor the security of its gear.

本周，華為以它在這些國(guó)家的業(yè)務(wù)為證據(jù)，證明自己可以是一個(gè)可靠、安全的合作伙伴。華為自稱已經(jīng)通過(guò)了英國(guó)、加拿大和新西蘭官方的安全檢查。它提出建立一個(gè)檢測(cè)中心，澳大利亞官方可在那里監(jiān)測(cè)華為設(shè)備的安全性。

“We have an open invitation for Australian officials and security agencies to meet with our world-leading research and development teams to better understand our technology,” it said.

“我們隨時(shí)歡迎澳大利亞官員和安全機(jī)構(gòu)與我們世界頂級(jí)的研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)見(jiàn)面，以便更好地理解我們的技術(shù)，”公開(kāi)信寫道。

Huawei has long been an important supplier to Australian telecommunications companies, and has a profitable Australian business with revenue in excess of 600 million Australian dollars, or about $445 million, last year, employing more than 700 people.

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，華為一直都是澳大利亞各電信公司的重要供應(yīng)商，在澳業(yè)務(wù)利潤(rùn)豐厚，去年的收入超過(guò)6億澳元(約合4.45億美元)，員工超過(guò)700人。

Still, the company appears to be increasingly caught in a debate in Australia about Chinese companies.

盡管如此，華為在澳大利亞似乎越來(lái)越多地陷入了有關(guān)中國(guó)企業(yè)的爭(zhēng)論當(dāng)中。

Last month, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s government agreed to fund a multimillion-dollar undersea communications cable linking the Solomon Islands with Australia, effectively blocking Huawei’s plan to lay the cables for the island nation.

上個(gè)月，總理馬爾科姆·特恩布爾(Malcolm Turnbull)政府同意出資數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，建設(shè)連接所羅門群島和澳大利亞的海下通訊電纜，有效阻止了華為為這個(gè)島國(guó)鋪設(shè)電纜的計(jì)劃。

Asked about the lengths Australia went through to stop Huawei building the cable, he said: “Our concern is ensuring that Australian aid provides the support for economic and social development in the Pacific.”

在被問(wèn)及澳大利亞阻止華為建設(shè)電纜所作出的努力時(shí)，特恩布爾說(shuō)：“我們的關(guān)切是確保澳大利亞的援助為太平洋地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供支持。”

More broadly, Australia’s growing economic closeness to China — it is a major supplier of meat, milk, iron ore and other resources to the world’s second-largest economy — has raised concerns among some in the country over Chinese influence in politics and media. That in turn has stirred worries over an anti-China backlash that could hurt the growing numbers of businesspeople, students and others who have become part of Australian society.

更廣泛地說(shuō)，澳大利亞與中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系日益密切——它是這個(gè)世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的肉類、牛奶、鐵礦石以及其他資源的主要供應(yīng)國(guó)——使得澳大利亞國(guó)內(nèi)的一些人開(kāi)始對(duì)中國(guó)在政治和媒體上的影響感到擔(dān)心。反過(guò)來(lái)，這也引起了人們對(duì)反中情緒的擔(dān)憂，它會(huì)傷及越來(lái)越多的商人、學(xué)生和其他已經(jīng)融入澳洲社會(huì)的人士。

Since the accusations of political meddling, Australia has taken steps to curb foreign interference, introducing a series of bills aimed at strengthening the country’s espionage laws and criminalizing efforts to interfere in Australian democracy.

自政治干預(yù)的指控之后，澳大利亞便采取了措施遏制外國(guó)干涉，推出了一系列旨在加強(qiáng)該國(guó)間諜法的法案，并將干預(yù)澳大利亞民主行為定為刑事犯罪。

Australian leaders are trying to walk a fine line so they do not alienate a major customer. Speaking to the Australia China Business Council on Tuesday, Mr. Turnbull said, “The Australia-China relationship gets stronger and stronger.”

澳大利亞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人努力小心行事，以免疏遠(yuǎn)主要客戶。周二，在對(duì)澳大利亞中國(guó)工商業(yè)委員會(huì)(Australia China Business Council)講話時(shí)，特恩布爾說(shuō)：“澳中關(guān)系正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。”

“It is built on so many connections,” he added. “It is built on great economic engagement, it is built on history, but, above all, it is built on family.” “它建立如此多聯(lián)系之上，”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。“它建立在強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)往來(lái)之上，建立在歷史之上，但最重要的是它建立在家庭之上。”

For its 5G build-out, the race is on between telecommunications companies that have been testing the technology for years and are expected to begin bringing the service to consumers next year.

而5G擴(kuò)建工程的競(jìng)賽則在那些已對(duì)該技術(shù)進(jìn)行了多年測(cè)試的電信公司之間開(kāi)展，預(yù)計(jì)于明年開(kāi)始為消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)。

Years of exclusion from the United States have not dented Huawei’s determination to help lead wireless internet into its next era. The company has developed 5G-ready products and patented key technologies. It has hired seasoned experts to represent the company at the global body that is setting the new technology’s standards. These complex technical guidelines will ensure that different manufacturers’ gear can be used on different carriers’ mobile networks.

雖然被排除在美國(guó)之外多年，但這并未削弱華為希望帶領(lǐng)無(wú)線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入下一時(shí)代的決心。華為已開(kāi)發(fā)出了5G完備產(chǎn)品和關(guān)鍵專利技術(shù)，聘請(qǐng)了經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的專家在全球機(jī)構(gòu)代表公司制定新的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些復(fù)雜的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)方針將確保不同制造商的設(shè)備可被用于不同運(yùn)營(yíng)商的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

“Huawei has a very strong position on shaping 5G standards,” said Dieter Ernst, a senior fellow at the East-West Center, a research and educational organization based in Honolulu.

“華為在5G的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定方面有著非常強(qiáng)大的地位，”火奴魯魯教育研究機(jī)構(gòu)東西方中心(East-West Center)的高級(jí)研究員迪埃特爾·恩斯特(Dieter Ernst)說(shuō)。

The company can count on support within the information technology, or I.T., business not only within Europe, but also in Canada, Japan and other technologically advanced countries, he said.

他表示，不止在歐洲，華為在加拿大、日本以及其他技術(shù)先進(jìn)的國(guó)家都可以得到信息技術(shù)(IT)行業(yè)內(nèi)部的支持。

“Outside the U.S.,” he said, “Huawei has become an accepted member of the international I.T. community.”

“在美國(guó)之外，”他說(shuō)，“華為已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際IT社區(qū)的一員了。”