生態(tài)環(huán)境部通過(guò)行動(dòng)方案：堅(jiān)定禁止洋垃圾入境

生態(tài)環(huán)境部日前召開(kāi)第一次部常務(wù)會(huì)議，審議并原則通過(guò)了有關(guān)禁止洋垃圾入境的相關(guān)文件。

The 2018-20 action plan for implementation of the country's reform plan to ban waste imports and the 2018 action plan for inspections on pollution caused by processing imported waste were approved on Monday by the first executive meeting of the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

生態(tài)環(huán)境部26日召開(kāi)第一次常務(wù)會(huì)議，通過(guò)了關(guān)于全面落實(shí)禁止洋垃圾入境改革實(shí)施方案的2018—2020年行動(dòng)方案，以及進(jìn)口固體廢物加工利用企業(yè)環(huán)境違法問(wèn)題專(zhuān)項(xiàng)督查2018年行動(dòng)方案。

Workers check a load of imported leather scraps in Xiamen, Fujian province. LIN SHANCHUAN/Xinhua

洋垃圾(foreign garbage)，指進(jìn)口固體廢物(imported solid waste)，有時(shí)又特指以走私、夾帶等方式進(jìn)口國(guó)家禁止進(jìn)口的固體廢物(banned solid waste smuggled into China)或未經(jīng)許可擅自進(jìn)口屬于限制進(jìn)口的固體廢物。

2017年7月18日，中國(guó)正式通知世界貿(mào)易組織，從2017年年底開(kāi)始將不再接收外來(lái)垃圾，包括廢棄塑膠(plastic waste)、紙類(lèi)(paper waste)及紡織品(fabrics)等。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，禁止洋垃圾入境是黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院在新時(shí)期新形勢(shì)下作出的一項(xiàng)重大決策部署，是我國(guó)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的標(biāo)志性舉措(a landmark measure for the country's construction of an ecological civilization)。“要堅(jiān)定不移、不折不扣地落實(shí)好這項(xiàng)工作。要著眼于推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌考慮行動(dòng)方案目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面提升我國(guó)固體廢物污染防治水平(improve China's capability in solid waste pollution control)。要加強(qiáng)部門(mén)間協(xié)調(diào)溝通，加大信息共享及聯(lián)動(dòng)執(zhí)法力度，建立長(zhǎng)效工作機(jī)制(a long-term working procedure featuring information sharing and coordinated law enforcement will be established)。要進(jìn)一步完善監(jiān)管制度，強(qiáng)化洋垃圾非法入境管控(the border controls on illegal foreign garbage will be intensified)，深入實(shí)施全過(guò)程監(jiān)管(the entire process in the industry will be inspected)，確保各項(xiàng)任務(wù)落實(shí)到位。”

外交部發(fā)言人華春瑩26日在例行記者會(huì)上答問(wèn)時(shí)說(shuō)，禁止“洋垃圾”入境是中國(guó)依法享有的權(quán)利，美方官員就此表達(dá)的所謂“關(guān)切”于情不合，于理不通，于法無(wú)據(jù)。

我們來(lái)看一下現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的文字實(shí)錄：

問(wèn)：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)官員23日在世貿(mào)組織貨物貿(mào)易理事會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)決定停止接收“洋垃圾”表示關(guān)切，并稱中國(guó)限制進(jìn)口可再利用商品嚴(yán)重干擾了全球廢舊物資供應(yīng)鏈。中國(guó)似乎正在違反WTO義務(wù)，區(qū)別對(duì)待國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外垃圾產(chǎn)業(yè)并采取過(guò)度貿(mào)易限制政策。美方要求中方立即停止實(shí)施有關(guān)措施。中方對(duì)此有何回應(yīng)?

Q: According to reports, American officials expressed concerns over China's decision to stop imports of "foreign garbage" on March 23 at the WTO Council for Trade in Goods meeting, saying that China's import restrictions on recycled commodities have caused a fundamental disruption in global supply chains for scrap materials. China seemed to be violating WTO obligations, treating domestic and foreign garbage with discrimination and taking excessive trade restrictions. The US asked China to stop implementing relevant measures immediately. What's your comment?

答：今年兩會(huì)期間，環(huán)保部部長(zhǎng)李干杰已經(jīng)回答過(guò)有關(guān)“洋垃圾”的問(wèn)題。我只想說(shuō)，你提到的美方有關(guān)官員表達(dá)的所謂“關(guān)切”于情不合，于理不通，于法無(wú)據(jù)。

A: During the Two Sessions this year, Minister of Environment Protection Li Ganjie already took relevant questions on "foreign trash". I would like to say that the so-called "concerns" of relevant US officials are unjustifiable, illegitimate and have no legal basis.

禁止“洋垃圾”入境，推進(jìn)固體廢物進(jìn)口管理制度改革，是中國(guó)政府貫徹落實(shí)新發(fā)展理念、著力改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量、保障國(guó)家生態(tài)安全和人民群眾健康的一個(gè)重大舉措。這也是中國(guó)政府根據(jù)國(guó)際法享有的權(quán)利，得到了廣大中國(guó)人民的堅(jiān)決支持。你提到的美方官員將中方正當(dāng)合法舉動(dòng)上綱上線，說(shuō)什么“中方似乎正在違反WTO義務(wù)”，非常虛偽。難道美方對(duì)華限制高技術(shù)、高附加值產(chǎn)品的出口就是正當(dāng)?shù)?，而中?guó)依法限制洋垃圾進(jìn)口就是違法的嗎?

Prohibiting the imports of foreign garbage and reforming the management system of solid waste imports are a major measure the Chinese government has taken in order to follow through on the new concept of development, improve the ecological and environmental quality and safeguard national ecological security and the health of people. This is also a right China is entitled to under international law and has been firmly supported by the people. The US officials are so hypocritical as they try to make an issue out of China's legitimate and lawful actions and accuse China of "seemingly violating WTO obligations". How could they claim that their restrictions on its exports of high-tech and high value-added products to China are legitimate while China's lawful restrictions on its imports of foreign garbage are illegal?

事實(shí)上，上世紀(jì)80年代末《控制危險(xiǎn)廢物越境轉(zhuǎn)移及其處置的巴塞爾公約》充分確認(rèn)，各個(gè)國(guó)家有權(quán)禁止外國(guó)危險(xiǎn)廢物和其他廢物進(jìn)入本國(guó)領(lǐng)土。公約還規(guī)定，各國(guó)有義務(wù)就近減量和處理各自危險(xiǎn)廢物和其他廢物。希望美方根據(jù)巴塞爾公約精神，立足于自己減量、處理和消化自己產(chǎn)生的危險(xiǎn)廢物和其他廢物，為世界承擔(dān)更多他們應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。

In fact, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal launched in the late 1980s fully confirms that all countries are entitled the right to prohibit foreign hazardous and other wastes from entering their territory. The Convention also stipulates that countries have the obligation to ensure that hazardous wastes and other wastes within it are minimumized and disposed as close as possible to their place of generation. We hope that the US side could focus on reducing, disposing and treating the hazardous wastes and other wastes it generated in accordance in the spirit of the Basel Convention and fulfill its due responsibilities and obligations for the world.