特朗普預(yù)算計(jì)劃：未來(lái)10年新增2000億美元基建支出

The White House on Monday proposed taking an additional decade to balance the US budget as it delivered a spending plan that relies on aggressive growth predictions to close a yawning budget gap drawing increased scrutiny from financial markets.

白宮周一提議多花10年時(shí)間平衡美國(guó)的預(yù)算。它提交的支出計(jì)劃依賴激進(jìn)的增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)來(lái)彌合越來(lái)越大的預(yù)算缺口，引發(fā)金融市場(chǎng)加大關(guān)注。

The new $4.4tn plan for 2019, which includes a plan for $200bn in new infrastructure spending over the next decade, came just days after Donald Trump signed off on a two-year spending bill that includes large increases in defence and domestic outlays which are baked into the new budget proposal.

新的4.4萬(wàn)億美元2019年計(jì)劃包括未來(lái)10年期間新增2000億美元基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出。該計(jì)劃出爐的幾天前，唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)簽署批準(zhǔn)了一份兩年支出法案，其中包括國(guó)防和國(guó)內(nèi)支出的大幅增加，這些增加已被納入新的預(yù)算提案。

The move towards freer spending coincides with growing anxiety in financial markets over the prospect of rising interest rates and the wisdom of injecting fiscal stimulus into an economy at or near full employment.

白宮轉(zhuǎn)向更加大手筆的支出之際，對(duì)于利率上升的前景，以及對(duì)于向處于或接近充分就業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)注入財(cái)政刺激是否明智，金融市場(chǎng)日益焦慮。

The benchmark 10-year Treasury bond on Monday traded at four-year lows, reflecting investor nervousness that the Federal Reserve may need to put a brake on an over-heating economy.

基準(zhǔn)的10年期美國(guó)國(guó)債周一跌至四年最低價(jià)位，反映了投資者對(duì)于美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)可能需要對(duì)過(guò)熱的經(jīng)濟(jì)踩下剎車的緊張情緒。

Although Republicans control both houses of Congress, the Trump administration has sought to blame Democrats for the $1.2tn budget deficit next year that will result from last week’s two-year deal.

雖然共和黨控制著國(guó)會(huì)兩院，但對(duì)于上周的兩年支出計(jì)劃將在明年導(dǎo)致1.2萬(wàn)億美元預(yù)算赤字，特朗普政府試圖怪罪民主黨人。

But in the spending plan for fiscal 2019 sent to Congress on Monday, the White House abandoned a pledge to close the deficit within a decade included in its first budget last year. Instead, the administration said its new plan would see the budget in deficit until fiscal 2039.

但在周一發(fā)給國(guó)會(huì)的2019財(cái)年支出計(jì)劃中，白宮放棄了在去年第一份預(yù)算中作出的在10年內(nèi)消除赤字的承諾。相反，特朗普政府現(xiàn)在表示，新的支出計(jì)劃意味著預(yù)算赤字將持續(xù)到2039財(cái)年。

“We’re going to get the American people roads that are fixed and bridges that are fixed and for any reason [lawmakers] don’t want to support it — hey, that’s going to be up to them,” said Mr Trump.

“我們將給美國(guó)人民帶來(lái)修復(fù)的道路，修復(fù)的橋梁，如果(立法者)出于任何原因不想支持它——嘿，那將是他們的事情，”特朗普表示。

“What was very important to me was the military. What was very important to me was the tax cuts and what was very important to me was regulation. This is of great importance,” Mr Trump said, referring to the infrastructure spending boost. “But it’s not nearly in that category. Because the states will do it themselves if we don’t do it. But I’d like to help the states do it.”

“對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的是軍隊(duì)。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的是減稅，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的是監(jiān)管。這很重要，”特朗普說(shuō)道，他指的是加大基建支出，“但它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不屬于那種類別。因?yàn)槿绻覀儾蛔龅脑?，各州?huì)自己做。但我想幫助各州做這件事。”

The administration also laid out growth forecasts many analysts believe are overly optimistic, predicting 3 per cent growth in real gross domestic product, a figure the White House said would help reduce the US debt burden in the long term.

特朗普政府還采用了許多分析師認(rèn)為過(guò)于樂(lè)觀的增長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)：預(yù)計(jì)實(shí)際國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)增長(zhǎng)3%，白宮稱，長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)而言這樣的增長(zhǎng)將有助于減輕美國(guó)債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。

The centrepiece of Mr Trump’s budget is a $200bn infrastructure plan, which the administration wants to use to spur $1.5tn in spending on roads, bridges and energy infrastructure nationally.

特朗普預(yù)算的核心是2000億美元的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施計(jì)劃，行政當(dāng)局希望借此在全國(guó)范圍帶動(dòng)1.5萬(wàn)億美元的道路、橋梁和能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出。

Like last year’s budget, the Trump plan also calls for major increases in defence spending and cuts for civilian agencies such as the State department and the Environmental Protection Agency. But such cuts have also proven unpopular with Congress, which controls the federal purse strings.

像去年的預(yù)算一樣，特朗普的計(jì)劃還呼吁大幅增加國(guó)防支出，同時(shí)削減國(guó)務(wù)院和環(huán)境保護(hù)局等文職機(jī)構(gòu)的預(yù)算。但這類削減也已被證明不受國(guó)會(huì)的歡迎;美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)控制著聯(lián)邦政府的錢包。

Under the White House plan, EPA spending would be cut by 34 per cent compared to its 2017 levels, while State spending would be cut by 26 per cent.

根據(jù)白宮的計(jì)劃，美國(guó)環(huán)保局的支出將比2017年水平下降34%，而國(guó)務(wù)院的支出將被砍掉26%。

Spending by Health and Human Services would be cut by 21 per cent, while the Department of Housing and Urban Development would drop by over 18 per cent.

衛(wèi)生和公眾服務(wù)部的支出將減少21%，而住房和城市發(fā)展部的支出將下降逾18%。

Meanwhile, defence department spending would rise by 13 per cent compared to the 2017 levels, while Department of Homeland Security spending would increase by 8 per cent, as Mr Trump pushes ahead with his plans for a wall on the US-Mexico border.

與此同時(shí)，國(guó)防部的支出將比2017年增加13%，而國(guó)土安全部的支出將增加8%，特朗普將推進(jìn)他在美墨邊界修筑一道隔離墻的計(jì)劃。