The French government is to ban students from using mobile phones in the country’s primary, junior and middle schools.
法國政府將禁止國內(nèi)的小學生和中學生在校園使用手機。
Children will be allowed to bring their phones to school, but not allowed to get them out at any time until they leave, even during breaks.
學生可以把手機帶到學校,但一直到放學前都不能動用手機,即使是課間休息時間也不行。
A proposed ban was included in Emmanuel Macron’s successful presidential election campaign this year.
這項禁令是贏得2017法國大選的埃馬紐埃爾•馬克龍競選時的承諾之一。
Jean-Michel Blanquer, the French education minister, said the measure would come into effect from the start of the next school year in September 2018. It will apply to all pupils from the time they start school at age of six – up to about 15 when they start secondary school.
法國教育部長讓-米歇爾•布朗凱說,這一措施將從2018年9月新學年開始時生效。下到剛?cè)雽W的6歲小學生,上到15歲的中學生,都必須遵守這一規(guī)定。
Blanquer said some education establishments already prohibited pupils from using their mobiles.
布朗凱說,一些教育機構(gòu)已經(jīng)禁止學生使用手機。
早在2010年法國《教育法》就曾出臺相關(guān)法令:在幼兒園、小學和初中,教學活動期間及校內(nèi)規(guī)定場所內(nèi)禁用手機。法國教育部長布朗凱不久前接受媒體采訪表示,禁用手機是為了保護學生,避免他們被手機和視頻分散了學習的注意力。
“Sometimes you need a mobile for teaching reasons … for urgent situations, but their use has to be somehow controlled,” he told RTL radio.
他告訴RTL電臺說:“有時候,出于教學目的或者在緊急情況下需要用到手機,但是手機的使用應該有度。”
The minister said the ban was also a “public health message to families”, adding: “It’s good that children are not too often, or even at all, in front of a screen before the age of seven.”
教育部長表示,這一禁令也是“發(fā)給家庭的公共健康訊息”。他補充道:“孩子7歲前不應該經(jīng)??雌聊?,最好干脆不看。”
那么,法國人買賬嗎?你大概以為學校要舉雙手贊成,但是意見最大的就是校長們。
The French headteachers’ union was skeptical that the ban could be enforced.
法國校長聯(lián)盟對于這一禁令能否順利推行表示懷疑。
“This new announcement from the [education] ministry leaves us dubious because we’re having trouble understanding what is the real issue here. In general, we’re used to them being logical and pragmatic about things, and here, we can’t find the logic or the pragmatism in the announcements,” said Philippe Vincent, the union’s deputy general secretary.
法國校長聯(lián)盟的副秘書長菲利普•文森特說:“教育部的這則新通知讓我們感到疑惑,因為我們難以理解他們到底想干啥。一般來說,我們都習慣于有邏輯性和實用性的文件,但是我們從這則通知中找不到任何邏輯或?qū)嵱眯浴?rdquo;
法國學生們也對禁令能否推行表示懷疑,有的學生甚至表示,這么做根本毫無意義。
Outside one middle school in the centre of Paris, pupils asked about the measure seemed unimpressed. “I don’t understand how it will work. Who will take the phones, where will they put them … how will we get them back?” said one 13-year-old boy.
法國市中心的一所中學外面,受訪學生似乎對新措施無動于衷。一個13歲的男孩說:“我搞不懂這個事要怎么開展。誰來收手機,他們要把手機放在哪……我們怎么拿回來?”
At another school, Mathilde, 12, said: “It’s ridiculous. At my school, we don’t use them in class or during recess, so what’s the problem? If anyone’s caught using one in the toilets or at lunchtime, the phones are confiscated immediately and the person is given detention.”
在另一所學校,12歲的馬蒂爾德說:“太荒謬了。在我的學校,我們在課堂上和課間都不用手機,所以根本就不存在這一問題。如果有人被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廁所里或午飯時用手機,手機就會被立即沒收,用手機的人還要被罰留校。”
事實上,法國學生在學校用手機非常普遍。有調(diào)查稱,擁有手機的法國青少年中,一半人在課堂上使用過手機。法國家長們雖然不贊成在學校用手機,但是對手機禁令也是喜憂參半。
Parents seemed uncertain too. “It’s probably a good idea when the kids are in school, but they can’t ban them bringing them to school,” said Sabine. “My daughter goes to school and comes home on her own, and at this time of year it’s dark so early, so I want her to have a phone with her. It’s reassuring.”
家長們似乎也不確定這是不是好事。“孩子在學校不用手機也許是個好主意,但他們不能禁止孩子帶手機到學校,”薩賓說,“我女兒獨自上學和回家,現(xiàn)在這個季節(jié)天黑得很早,所以我希望她帶著手機。這樣讓人放心。”
She added: “But rather than a ban, wouldn’t it be better to install a signal blocker in schools?”
她還說:“不過,相比這種禁令,在學校裝個信號屏蔽器是不是更好?”
然而,最大的問題還是,手機寄存柜要放在哪?學校沒有地兒啊。
Blanquer has already suggested schools could install lockers for phones, though many city centre schools have little room for them.
布朗凱已經(jīng)建議學校安裝手機帶鎖寄存柜,不過市中心的很多學校都沒有空間安放寄存柜。
“Are we going to transform a school into a giant locker?” said Vincent. “I’ve done a little calculation myself: 5,300 state schools with an average 500 pupils each, that makes around 3 million lockers.”
“難道我們要把學校變成一個巨大的寄存柜?”文森特說:“我自己粗略計算了一下:全法國5300所公立學校,每所學校平均500名學生,這意味著大約300萬個寄存柜。”
誰來收發(fā)和保管手機也是個很麻煩的問題,萬一手機丟了呢?時間成本和人力成本也是要考慮的因素。
Parents’ organisations say any ban would pose a significant logistical problem.
家長聯(lián)盟說,任何禁令都會面臨嚴重的后勤問題。
“How is the school going to stock them? And how are they going to make sure they’re given back to the owner at the end of school?” Gérard Pommier, head of the Federation of Parents in State Schools.
“學校要怎么儲存這些手機?他們要如何確保放學時手機能歸還主人?”公立學校家長聯(lián)盟主席杰拉德•波米葉說。
Education officials are now studying how the mobile ban can be put into effect.
教育部官員目前正在研究如何推行手機禁令。
“In ministerial meetings, we leave our phones in lockers before going in. It seems to me that this as doable for any human group, including a class,” Blanquer said in September.
布朗凱在九月份時說:“在舉行部長會議時,我們在進入會議廳前會將手機放進寄存柜中。在我看來,這種做法對于任何人類團體都是可行的,包括學校課堂。”
The minister has also supported the introduction of school uniforms, but has said he is opposed to the measure being obligatory throughout the country.
布朗凱還支持引進校服,但他反對在全國強制推行。
He has also announced that each school must set up a choir before January 2019. Le Parisiennewspaper said the government had set aside €20m for the measure. Government officials said joining the choir would be voluntary and a “complement to obligatory music lessons” that exist already.
布朗凱還宣布,在2019年1月前,每個學校都必須成立一個合唱團。《巴黎人報》稱,政府為此預備撥款2000萬歐元(合1.56億元人民幣)。政府官員稱,合唱團為自愿參加,是對現(xiàn)有的“音樂必修課的補充”。
除了法國,還有很多國家都面臨學生用手機的難題,來看看其他國家是怎么處理的。
英國:伊頓要求睡前交手機
多數(shù)英國學校都不同意讓學生在校園內(nèi)使用手機,尤其是智能手機應用。英國教育標準局于2012年宣布,禁止中小學生攜帶手機進課堂。如果學校未能遏制課堂上學生使用手機發(fā)短信、接聽電話或上網(wǎng),學校將被教育督查部門記載并問責。在著名的伊頓公學,校方?jīng)]有禁止學生使用手機,但校園Wi-Fi屏蔽了Snapchat應用程序,因為有學生用Snapchat發(fā)送各種裸照。此外,伊頓公學還要求學生晚上回宿舍睡覺前交出手機、筆記本電腦、平板電腦等,以避免夜間在社交媒體上流連忘返而影響睡眠。校長西蒙•亨德森提認為,社交媒體壓力是青少年精神疾病的重要誘因之一,如果因此失眠,會影響學業(yè)。
德國:提倡使用“學生專用手機”
在德國,手機廠商開發(fā)“學校手機”,外觀充滿童趣且?guī)в?ldquo;酷味”,還分女孩手機和男孩手機。此類手機既寓教于樂,又具備安全性。內(nèi)部預裝有20到30個學生APP程序,可以通過Wi-Fi上網(wǎng),且網(wǎng)頁都是德國教育部門推薦的健康網(wǎng)頁。家長可以進行控制。德國學校設(shè)有手機管理課程,給孩子們講解怎么合理使用手機。每個學校還設(shè)有網(wǎng)上教育網(wǎng)絡。軟件企業(yè)也會積極參與手機APP程序設(shè)計。
韓國:學校配備手機存放柜
大部分韓國學校實施早會收走手機、放學前歸還的方法,由老師或?qū)iT的學生負責收發(fā)。為防止孩子沉迷于手機娛樂,不少韓國家長會選擇給子女買只能撥打電話的“學生手機”,或者辦理低流量、慢網(wǎng)速等手機套餐。
美國:跟考試成績掛鉤
美國學?;旧隙家髮W生將手機存在自己的儲物柜里,不能帶進教室。有些學校允許帶入教室,但要求從早上第一堂課到下午最后一堂課,包括課間休息,手機都必須處于靜音狀態(tài),通常也不能使用耳機。對違規(guī)學生的懲罰力度,取決于老師。有些老師發(fā)現(xiàn)有人違規(guī),會要求該學生把手機裝入紙袋,放在課桌明顯位置;有些老師會沒收手機,讓家長來認領(lǐng);有些老師比較嚴格,第一次違規(guī)考試成績降半個字母(比如考A的降為A-),第二次發(fā)現(xiàn)則會降一個字母同時要求學生離開教室,如果學生不配合,則會請校警配合強制離開;也有少數(shù)老師比較寬松,完全依靠學生的自覺??傮w看,課堂上禁止使用手機是絕大部分老師的共識。