解密文件顯示美國(guó)曾支持印尼1965年屠殺

The US actively supported the Indonesian military’s killing of as many as 1m suspected Communist sympathisers in the mid-1960s despite concerns about the reasons behind the massacre, according to newly declassified American documents.

根據(jù)最新解密的美國(guó)文件，美國(guó)曾在上世紀(jì)60年代中期積極支持印尼軍隊(duì)殺害多達(dá)100萬(wàn)名可疑共產(chǎn)黨同情者，盡管美國(guó)對(duì)這場(chǎng)屠殺背后的原因表示關(guān)切。

Some 30,000 pages of files from the US embassy in Jakarta — declassified on Tuesday — showed that the US provided the Indonesian military with money, weapons and lists of Communist officials during the 1965-66 killings, which came at the height of anti-Communist sentiment in the Cold War.

來(lái)自美國(guó)駐雅加達(dá)大使館的大約3萬(wàn)頁(yè)文件周二被解密，這些文件顯示，在1965年至1966年的大屠殺期間，美國(guó)曾向印尼軍隊(duì)提供金錢、武器和共產(chǎn)黨官員的名單，當(dāng)時(shí)正值冷戰(zhàn)反共情緒最高漲時(shí)期。

The documents also show that the US had credible information to contradict the Indonesian military’s claims that the killing of six army generals in a botched September 1965 coup had been ordered by the Indonesian Communist party (PKI).

這些文件還顯示，美國(guó)有可靠的信息反駁印尼軍隊(duì)的說法。印尼軍隊(duì)聲稱，在1965年9月一次未遂政變中殺害6名軍隊(duì)將軍的命令是由印尼共產(chǎn)黨(PKI)下達(dá)的。

The massacre, which the documents show was scrupulously recorded by the US, paved the way for the 32-year military dictatorship of Suharto.

這次屠殺為蘇哈托32年的軍事獨(dú)裁鋪平了道路，解密文件顯示，美國(guó)認(rèn)真記錄了此次屠殺。

“The files . . . comprise the largest and most complete record of Indonesian politics at that time,” said Bradley Simpson, an Indonesian history professor at Northwestern University who led the files’ digitisation. “Particularly because the Indonesian government hasn’t declassified most of its own records from the period.”

“這些文件……包括對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)印尼政治規(guī)模最大且最完整的記錄，”負(fù)責(zé)文件數(shù)字化的美國(guó)西北大學(xué)(Northwestern University)印尼史教授布萊德利•辛普森(Bradley Simpson)表示，“尤其是因?yàn)橛∧嵴疀]有解密那段時(shí)期的多數(shù)記錄。”

According to a November 1965 file, US officials were informed that the killing of the six army generals was not necessarily the doing of the PKI, but may have been an “intra-government operation to seize [a] limited group of top generals”.

根據(jù)1965年11月的一份文件，美國(guó)官員得到消息，殺害6名軍隊(duì)將軍的行為不一定是印尼共產(chǎn)黨所為，可能是一次“捉拿一些最高級(jí)將軍的政府間行動(dòng)”。

The files also show that US officials were informed that many confessions from suspected Communists had been falsified by the Indonesian military.

這些文件還顯示，美國(guó)官員得到消息，可疑共產(chǎn)黨員的很多供詞是印尼軍隊(duì)偽造的。

The files also contain further evidence of the US’s role in the allocation of Indonesia’s natural resources in the years following the massacre. The Indonesian economy had collapsed during the regime change, and two documents from 1967 show the Suharto administration trying to entice western companies to return to the country.

這些文件還包括更多有關(guān)在屠殺之后幾年美國(guó)在印尼自然資源分配中作用的證據(jù)。在政權(quán)更迭時(shí)期，印尼經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰，兩份來(lái)自1967年的文件顯示，蘇哈托政府試圖吸引西方公司回到印尼。

The declassification is a joint project of the US government-affiliated National Declassification Center and the National Security Archive, a non-profit headquartered at George Washington University in Washington, DC.

這次解密是美國(guó)政府下屬的國(guó)家解密中心(National Declassification Center)和非營(yíng)利組織、總部設(shè)在美國(guó)喬治華盛頓大學(xué)(George Washington University)的國(guó)家安全檔案館(National Security Archive)的合作項(xiàng)目。