恒大董事長許家印成中國首富

Real estate magnate Wang Jianlin has tumbled from his position as China’s wealthiest man, according to the country’s best known rich list, underscoring how a crackdown on leverage-fuelled companies pursuing foreign acquisitions has dented entrepreneurs’ fortunes.

根據(jù)中國最知名的富豪排行榜，房地產(chǎn)大亨王健林已丟掉中國首富的地位，凸顯出政府對那些熱衷于依靠債務(wù)收購境外資產(chǎn)的公司的打壓，是如何削弱企業(yè)家財富的。

Mr Wang built Dalian Wanda from a real estate developer into a global empire spanning cinema chains, Hollywood studios and Spanish football. But its shares tumbled this year when authorities instructed banks to check their lending to acquisitive groups, and it sold off a string of assets.

王健林把大連萬達(dá)(Dalian Wanda)從一家地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商打造成一個業(yè)務(wù)涵蓋電影院線、好萊塢電影制片公司和西班牙足球俱樂部的全球帝國。但今年，在當(dāng)局指導(dǎo)銀行核查它們對那些熱衷于收購的集團的貸款后，萬達(dá)股價大跌，該公司已出售了一系列資產(chǎn)。

He has fallen to fifth place in this year’s Hurun rich list with a net worth of $23bn, down more than a quarter from last year. Xu Jiayin, head of property group Evergrande, now tops the rankings with a fortune of $43bn. Mr Xu, also known as Hui Ka-yan, has focused on the domestic market and funded domestic football.

在今年的《胡潤百富榜》(Hurun rich list)上，王健林滑落到了第5位，其資產(chǎn)凈值為230億美元，較去年減少了逾四分之一。如今，地產(chǎn)集團恒大(Evergrande)董事長許家印(Hui Ka-yan)位列榜首，他的財富為430億美元。許家印聚焦于國內(nèi)市場，并資助國內(nèi)足球事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

The shift in the rankings underlines how authorities are favouring entrepreneurs who support China’s domestic growth above those who pursue cross-border trophy acquisitions that deplete China’s foreign exchange reserves.

排名變化凸顯出，當(dāng)局青睞支持中國國內(nèi)增長的企業(yè)家，而不是進行炫耀性跨境收購的人，后者所做的交易消耗了中國的外匯儲備。

Benefiting from the trend were domestically focused property tycoons Yang Huiyan, the majority owner of Country Garden who moved from 22nd to fourth position, and Sun Hongbin, whose wealth rose more than sixfold to $10.7bn. Mr Sun’s company Sunac bought up much of Wanda’s hotel and theme park business for $9.3bn in July.

得益于這一趨勢的還有專注于國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)的地產(chǎn)大亨楊惠妍和孫宏斌。楊惠妍是碧桂園(Country Garden)的大股東，在富豪榜上從第22位上升到第4位;孫宏斌的財富增加了逾5倍，至107億美元。今年7月，孫宏斌旗下的融創(chuàng)(Sunac)以93億美元收購了萬達(dá)的大部分酒店和主題樂園業(yè)務(wù)。

With state-run companies dominating China’s economy in sectors such as energy and communications, most of the list of private sector entrepreneurs is drawn from the familiar fields of real estate and manufacturing. But technology also figures prominently — Tencent founder Pony Ma and Alibaba founder Jack Ma took second and third positions respectively.

考慮到國有企業(yè)在能源和通信等行業(yè)主宰著中國經(jīng)濟，富豪榜上的民營企業(yè)家大多來自房地產(chǎn)業(yè)和制造業(yè)。但科技行業(yè)也表現(xiàn)突出——騰訊(Tencent)創(chuàng)始人馬化騰(Pony Ma)和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)創(chuàng)始人馬云(Jack Ma)分別占據(jù)富豪榜第二名和第三名。

Alibaba and its affiliate Ant Financial have 43 shareholders on this year’s list. “China’s entrepreneurs have come a long way. Back in 1999, when I put out the first list, I managed to rank 50 people. Today we have almost that number just from Alibaba,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun founder.

阿里巴巴及其關(guān)聯(lián)公司螞蟻金服(Ant Financial)有43名股東進入了今年的富豪榜。“中國的企業(yè)家們走過了很長的歷程?；仡?999年，當(dāng)我推出第一份榜單時，我只能把50人列入榜單。如今，僅僅阿里系的上榜人數(shù)就已接近這個數(shù)字，”《胡潤百富榜》創(chuàng)始人胡潤(Rupert Hoogewerf)說。

Women comprise 24 per cent of the rich list, topped by Ms Yang, who inherited her stake in Country Garden from her father. The average age of list members was 53.

今年富豪榜上的女性比例為24%，掌握財富最多的是從父親手中繼承了碧桂園股權(quán)的楊惠妍。上榜者平均年齡為53歲。

The list also showed a rapid increase in elite wealth, with an average annual growth rate of 60 per cent among the top 100. China’s wealth inequality outranks most advanced economies, according to Credit Suisse.

這份榜單也表明，精英人物的財富在飛速增長，前100名富豪的財富的平均年增速為60%。瑞信(Credit Suisse)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的財富不平等程度超過了大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟體。

Hurun found 2,130 Chinese individuals with wealth of at least $300m, but acknowledged there were many more multimillionaires in the country whose wealth was hidden.

胡潤富豪榜發(fā)現(xiàn)，財富至少達(dá)3億美元的中國人有2130人，但承認(rèn)，中國存在更多財富被隱藏的千萬富翁。

“For every one we have found, we estimate there to be two that we have missed,” said Mr Hoogewerf.

“我們估計，我們每發(fā)現(xiàn)一名富豪，都會漏掉兩名，”胡潤說。