FT社評：昂山素季沒能通過“羅興亞”考驗

Aung San Suu Kyi, the icon of democracy and de facto leader of Myanmar, faced one of her biggest tests on Tuesday: an internationally televised address in response to charges of ethnic cleansing by her country’s military. Over the weekend, António Guterres, UN secretary-general, said she had “a last chance” to halt the army offensive before the situation became “absolutely horrible”. Her chance has come and gone and she has failed the test.

民主偶像、緬甸的事實領袖昂山素季(Aung San Suu Kyi)在周二經受了她人生中最大的考驗之一：在一場國際直播的電視講話中回應有關緬甸軍方搞種族清洗的指控。上周末，聯合國秘書長安東尼奧•古特雷斯(António Guterres)就說，在形勢變得“極端可怕”之前，她有“最后一個機會”阻止軍方的攻擊。她的機會來了又走了，她沒能通過這場考驗。

In a speech that lacked humanity or compassion, she refused to mention the word “Rohingya”, the majority Muslim ethnic group being targeted, except in the context of a militant group involved in the violence. Her attempts to draw equivalence between sporadic militant attacks and what she euphemistically referred to as the military’s “clearance operations” echoed the controversial “both sides” comments Donald Trump made in the wake of white supremacist rallies in Charlottesville, Virginia.

在這場缺乏人道主義精神和同情心的講話中，除了在談到一支涉及暴力活動的武裝組織的語境中，她一直不肯提到“羅興亞人”一詞，羅興亞人是此次遭到攻擊的族群，多數為穆斯林。她試圖將武裝分子發(fā)起的零星襲擊與她委婉提到的緬甸軍方“清剿行動”同等視之，與唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)在弗吉尼亞州夏洛茨維爾白人至上主義集會之后所發(fā)表的、引起爭議的“雙方一樣”的言論如出一轍。

She appears incapable of distancing herself from the views of many majority Buddhists in Myanmar who believe Rohingya, who do not have citizenship in the country, are an alien terrorist group that needs to be “dealt with”.

緬甸人多數為佛教徒，其中許多人認為羅興亞人——在緬甸沒有公民身份——是外來恐怖組織，需要被“處理”。昂山素季似乎無法與這種觀點保持距離。

According to human rights groups and the UN, there is overwhelming evidence that Myanmar’s security services are engaged in a campaign of ethnic cleansing. More than 400,000 people have fled Myanmar’s western Rakhine state into Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries.

據人權團體和聯合國的消息，有確鑿證據顯示緬甸安全部門正在進行種族清洗運動。緬甸西部若開邦已有40多萬人逃往孟加拉國——世界上最貧窮的國家之一。

Aung San Suu Kyi was silent on the role of the security forces in her speech, which Amnesty International described as “a mix of untruths and victim blaming”. The Lady should be condemned for her continued refusal to acknowledge the atrocities being carried out under her watch. Her fall from grace in the eyes of the international community may have been inevitable, considering the way in which she was deified and turned into a made-for-Hollywood symbol of liberal western values. The story of this brave woman with the British accent sticking up to the evil Burmese generals was seductive. But Aung San Suu Kyi was never going to provide all the answers to the litany of troubles afflicting her country. And, as she said in her speech, the Rohingya issue has overwhelmed all other issues facing the government.

昂山素季在講話中對緬甸安全部門的角色保持沉默——大赦國際(Amnesty International)稱這場講話是“謊話以及對受害者的指責”。“夫人”仍拒絕承認在她掌管國家的情況下發(fā)生的暴行，她應為此受到譴責?？紤]到她為什么會被偶像化、變成像是專為好萊塢打造的西方自由價值觀象征，她在國際社會“失寵”可能已是無可避免的。這位帶著英國口音的勇敢女性抵抗邪惡的緬甸將軍們的故事很是扣人心弦。但昂山素季從不打算為所有困擾緬甸的一連串麻煩提供解決方案。而且，正如她在此次講話中所說的，羅興亞人問題已壓倒了緬甸政府面臨的所有其他問題。

That does not make her obfuscation acceptable. Rather it provides all the more reason for her to stand up, show empathy and vow to halt the bloodshed so she can address the country’s other challenges.

這并不能讓她的模糊態(tài)度被接受。相反，這說明她更有理由去勇敢面對、展現同情，并誓言阻止流血事件，這樣她才能騰出手來解決這個國家面臨的其他挑戰(zhàn)。

Even from a position of pure self-interest this would have been the appropriate thing to do. As recent attacks by militants show, the persecuted Rohingya are being radicalised and the potential for this conflict to draw in foreign fighters rises by the day. Aung San Suu Kyi’s feeble calls for peace and stability will do nothing to rein in the forces of ethno-nationalism and religious radicalisation that threaten to rip Southeast Asia apart.

即便純粹從自身利益的角度出發(fā)，她也應該這樣做。軍方近期的攻擊表明，受迫害的羅興亞人正變得激進，而且這一沖突吸引外部作戰(zhàn)人員介入的可能性也在日益增加。昂山素季對和平與穩(wěn)定的無力呼吁，根本無法遏制種族國家主義和宗教激進主義勢力，這些勢力有可能將東南亞撕裂。

The potential for the Rohingya conflict to morph into a wider regional conflagration is sobering when you consider that Sri Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar are majority Buddhist, while Bangladesh, Indonesia and Malaysia are mostly Muslim countries. Add in the potential flow of funding, fighters and support from places like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, and the region looks even more combustible.

考慮到斯里蘭卡、泰國、緬甸等國主要信仰佛教，而孟加拉國、印度尼西亞和馬來西亞是以穆斯林為主的國家，這場圍繞羅興亞人的沖突演變?yōu)橐粓龈蠓秶貐^(qū)沖突的可能性令人深思。加上可能來自沙特阿拉伯、巴基斯坦等地的資金、作戰(zhàn)人員和其他支持，這一地區(qū)看起來更像“火藥桶”了。

No single person could be capable of resolving such a complicated and fast-moving crisis. But a strong and visionary leader could at least defuse the situation somewhat. The world has learnt that Aung San Suu Kyi is not that leader.

沒有哪個人能夠憑一己之力解決一場如此復雜而又瞬息萬變的危機。但一個強有力、有遠見的領導人至少可以讓局勢得到些許緩和。全世界已經看得明白，昂山素季不是這樣的領導人。