批評印度教民族主義的女記者遭槍殺

A prominent Indian journalist known for her outspoken criticism of rightwing Hindu nationalist politics has been shot dead outside her home in Bangalore, sending shockwaves through India’s media industry.

一名以直言不諱批評右翼印度教民族主義政治而著稱的知名印度記者，在她位于班加羅爾的住所外遭槍殺。此事震動了印度整個媒體行業(yè)。

Gauri Lankesh, 55, had worked in New Delhi for leading English language newspapers and was more recently editing her own local-language weekly. She was opening her front door on Tuesday night on her return from work when she was shot in the chest and head by motorbike-riding gunmen. The assailants fled.

55歲的高里•蘭凱什(Gauri Lankesh)曾在新德里為多家知名英文報紙效力，近期則擔(dān)任她自己旗下的當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言周刊的編輯。周二夜晚，她下班回家打開住所前門時，遭騎摩托車的持槍者開槍擊中胸部和頭部。襲擊者隨后逃之夭夭。

Lankesh was a co-founder of the Communal Harmony Forum. She was outspoken and highly critical about the rising tide of threats, intimidation and violence against those opposed to Hindu nationalism, or those who challenged orthodox Hindu interpretations of faith and history.

蘭凱什是社群和諧論壇(Communal Harmony Forum)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。那些反對印度教民族主義、或質(zhì)疑印度教對信仰與歷史的正統(tǒng)解讀的人，遭受到越來越多的威脅、恐嚇和暴力。蘭凱什直言不諱地對這種現(xiàn)象提出了激烈的批評。

Her murder comes as the state of Karnataka — of which Bangalore is the capital — is gearing up for assembly elections next year. The Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata party of Narendra Modi, the prime minister, is hoping to retake control of the state from the incumbent Congress government.

她遭到謀殺之際，以班加羅爾為首府的卡納塔克邦(Karnataka)正為明年的議會選舉做著準(zhǔn)備。印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)所在的、奉行印度教民族主義的人民黨(BJP)，正寄望于從該邦目前的國大黨(Congress Party)政府手中奪回該邦的控制權(quán)。

Siddaramaiah, Karnataka’s chief minister, took to Twitter to denounce the killing, calling it “an assassination on democracy”.

卡納塔克邦首席部長錫達(dá)拉馬亞在Twitter上譴責(zé)了這起謀殺，稱之為“一次對民主的暗殺”。

Speaking in New Delhi in March, Lankesh brought up the assassination in 2015 of MM Kalburgi, a former university professor whose interpretations of ancient religious texts had upset Hindu traditionalists. She recalled with dismay how, just after the killing, a member of the rightwing Bajrang Dal had tweeted “mock Hinduism will die a dog’s death”.

今年3月在新德里發(fā)表講話時，蘭凱什提到了2015年大學(xué)教授卡爾布爾吉(MM Kalburgi)遭暗殺一事?？柌紶柤獙糯诮探?jīng)文的解讀令印度教傳統(tǒng)主義者感到不快。蘭凱什傷心地回憶道，暗殺發(fā)生后不久，一名右翼青年民兵(Bajrang Dal)成員在Twitter上發(fā)帖稱，“嘲笑印度教的會死得像條狗”。

In 2015, Lankesh told a journalist that she believed some rightwing groups operating in Karnataka had a hit-list, and that she was likely to be on it.

2015年，蘭凱什告訴一名記者，她相信在卡納塔克邦活動的一些右翼組織有一份暗殺名單，而且她本人很可能就在名單上。

The killing of journalists is not unknown in India, where 40 reporters have been murdered since 1992, according to the Committee for the Projection of Journalists.

記者被殺在印度并不罕見。保護(hù)記者委員會(CPJ)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自1992年以來，已有40名記者在印度遭謀殺。

However, most were working in small towns, often for local publications, and took on vested interests in their communities, often over large-scale corruption.

然而，這些人中的大多數(shù)都是在小城鎮(zhèn)工作，而且往往供職于當(dāng)?shù)乜?，挑?zhàn)的是他們所在地區(qū)的既得利益集團(tuán)，矛頭常指向大規(guī)模的腐敗。

Lankesh, however, was based in Bangalore, the heart of India’s IT industry, and had long associations with English-language publications. Her outspoken criticism of rightwing Hindu nationalism, and its adherents, was largely on ideological grounds.

而蘭凱什常駐印度IT業(yè)核心城市班加羅爾，并長時間與英文刊物打交道。她對右翼印度教民族主義及其追隨者的直言不諱批評，主要是基于意識形態(tài)。

Despite its constitutional right to free speech, India’s media face many intense pressures. Reporters without Borders, in its most recent index on press freedom released in April, ranked India 136 out of 180 countries, down three from 2016.

盡管擁有憲法規(guī)定的言論自由權(quán)利，但印度的媒體面臨眾多強(qiáng)大壓力。在“無國界記者”(Reporters Without Borders) 4月發(fā)布的最新新聞自由指數(shù)排名中，印度列在180個國家中的第136位，比2016年滑落了3位。