文化部發(fā)布《中國傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》

國務(wù)院辦公廳近日轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)文化部、工業(yè)和信息化部、財(cái)政部《中國傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》，響應(yīng)黨的十八屆五中全會提出“構(gòu)建中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承體系，加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)，振興傳統(tǒng)工藝”的要求。

SHI YU/CHINA DAILY

The Plan on Revitalizing China's Traditional Crafts aims to inject momentum into the protection of Chinese culture and heritage.

《中國傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》旨在為保護(hù)中國文化和遺產(chǎn)注入動力。

It calls for better management of the industry and increased market competitiveness, with substantial improvements to be made by 2020.

該計(jì)劃提出，到2020年，傳統(tǒng)工藝行業(yè)的管理水平和市場競爭力有明顯提升。

該計(jì)劃所稱傳統(tǒng)工藝(traditional crafts)，是指具有歷史傳承和民族或地域特色(crafts of historic legacy with ethnical or regional characteristics)、與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密(closely connected to daily life)、主要使用手工勞動的制作工藝及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品(crafts and products mainly achieved through manual work)，是創(chuàng)造性的手工勞動和因材施藝的個(gè)性化制作，具有工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)不能替代(cannot be replaced by industrial production)的特性。

該計(jì)劃對于振興傳統(tǒng)工藝提出了十項(xiàng)任務(wù)：

建立國家傳統(tǒng)工藝振興目錄(establish a national catalog of traditional crafts);

擴(kuò)大非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人隊(duì)伍(increase the number of intangible cultural heritage inheritors);

將傳統(tǒng)工藝作為中國非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人群研修研習(xí)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃實(shí)施重點(diǎn)(host seminars and training sessions for inheritors and practitioners of famous traditional crafts);

加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)工藝相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)建設(shè)和理論、技術(shù)研究(set up majors and courses in traditional crafts and put more efforts in theoretical and technological researches);

提高傳統(tǒng)工藝產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、制作水平和整體品質(zhì)(improve the design, production and quality of traditional products);

拓寬傳統(tǒng)工藝產(chǎn)品的推介、展示、銷售渠道(enhance the promotion, display and sales of traditional products);

加強(qiáng)行業(yè)組織建設(shè)(improve industrial structures);

加強(qiáng)文化生態(tài)環(huán)境的整體保護(hù)(improve protection of the cultural ecological environment);

促進(jìn)社會普及教育(promote intangible cultural heritage education in universities, and in middle and primary schools, in an effort to enhance awareness);

開展國際交流與合作(carry out international exchange and cooperation)。

說了這么多，到底哪些工藝算是中國的傳統(tǒng)工藝呢?

剪紙(paper cutting)、皮影(shadow puppetry)、漆器(lacquer ware)、景泰藍(lán)(Chinese cloisonne)、風(fēng)箏(kites)等都屬于傳統(tǒng)工藝。