北京市長(zhǎng)承諾疏解北京非首都功能

Beijing’s new mayor has vowed to gut the city of all functions unrelated to its status as national capital, in an effort to push the growing population into the surrounding provinces.

北京新任市長(zhǎng)蔡奇承諾疏解北京所有的非首都功能，努力把不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口疏散到周?chē)》荨?/p>

The city’s functions would be reduced “like peeling off cabbage leaves”, with the economy and cityscape restructured to make it “leaner and more efficient”, Cai Qi said.

蔡奇表示，將減少北京市的功能，就像剝掉“白菜幫子”一樣，優(yōu)化北京市的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和空間結(jié)構(gòu)，“瘦身健體、提質(zhì)增效”。

Asian states have historically moved capitals when they have become too crowded and have depleted local resources. Most recently, Myanmar and Kazakhstan have built new capitals from scratch, moving the government away from historic commercial cities that were the traditional centres of power. But Mr Cai, a rising political star, may be the first to seek to move the city away from the capital.

從歷史上說(shuō)，亞洲國(guó)家在首都變得過(guò)于擁擠并耗盡當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源時(shí)會(huì)遷都。不久前，緬甸和哈薩克斯坦都從零開(kāi)始建起了新首都，把政府遷出了曾是傳統(tǒng)權(quán)力中心的歷史悠久的商業(yè)城市。但冉冉升起的政治新星蔡奇可能是第一個(gè)試圖把城市遷出首都的人。

Beijing has been the Chinese capital and a centre of power and culture for most of the past 750 years. It was founded as a walled city in the 11th century BC on a well-watered plain. After serving for centuries as a military garrison and capital of several independent states it first became the national capital in the 13th century AD during the Yuan dynasty, when Mongols ruled what is now China.

在過(guò)去750年的多數(shù)時(shí)間里，北京都是中國(guó)的首都和權(quán)力與文化中心。它始建于公元前11世紀(jì)，最初是一座位于水源充沛的平原上的有圍墻的城市。在若干個(gè)世紀(jì)里，它曾是一個(gè)軍事重鎮(zhèn)，先后作過(guò)幾個(gè)小國(guó)的都城。在公元13世紀(jì)的元朝，北京首次成為全中國(guó)的首都，當(dāng)時(shí)統(tǒng)治中國(guó)的是蒙古人。

Its population expanded rapidly after the Communist party took power in 1949 and created the headquarters of a Leninist state. The population boomed again in the reform era, as relaxation of China’s strict hukou, or residency, regulations combined with a property bubble near the centre of power.

中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨1949年奪取政權(quán)并在這里建立起一個(gè)列寧主義國(guó)家的大本營(yíng)后，北京市人口迅速增加。在改革開(kāi)放時(shí)代，北京市人口再次迅猛增長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)嚴(yán)格的戶口制度有所放松，而且在這個(gè)權(quán)力中心附近出現(xiàn)了房地產(chǎn)泡沫。

Almost 22m people now live in Beijing or surrounding satellite cities, up from 4m in 1950 and 9m in 1980. Most of the ancient city’s unique architecture and distinct hutongs, or lanes, have been bulldozed to make way for highways, shopping malls, office buildings and state-owned banks and enterprises.

如今有近2200萬(wàn)人居住在北京或周邊的衛(wèi)星城，而1950年為400萬(wàn)人，1980年為900萬(wàn)人。這座古老城市的許多獨(dú)特建筑和別具一格的胡同被拆除，給高速公路、購(gòu)物中心、辦公樓以及國(guó)有銀行和企業(yè)騰出地方。

The result has been traffic jams, increasing strain on water resources, and rising public dissatisfaction with the city’s choking pollution.

結(jié)果是交通堵塞、水資源日益緊張、公眾對(duì)北京令人窒息的污染越來(lái)越感到不滿。

Mr Cai said he would reduce Beijing’s land zoned for construction and cap the city’s population at 23m.

蔡奇表示，他將削減北京的建設(shè)用地，把常住人口控制在2300萬(wàn)人以下。

Administrative action could temporarily reduce the city’s population, says Dai Qing, an environmental activist who has long argued that Beijing’s growth is dangerously depleting its underground aquifers. “But if you don’t restructure the system whereby interests and resources are concentrated in the capital, people will come flooding back in.”

環(huán)?；顒?dòng)人士戴晴早就指出，北京的發(fā)展正在危險(xiǎn)地耗盡該市的地下水資源。她表示，行政措施可能會(huì)臨時(shí)降低北京的人口。“但如果你不調(diào)整這個(gè)利益和資源集中于首都的體制的結(jié)構(gòu)，人們還會(huì)如潮水般涌回來(lái)。”

Mr Cai’s announcement is a twist on central government plans revealed in 2014 to shift some of the national bureaucracy to Baoding, a nearby military and industrial city that was denoted the nation’s most polluted that year.

蔡奇的表態(tài)是中央政府2014年披露的將部分國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)遷到保定的計(jì)劃的一個(gè)變化版本。保定是鄰近北京的一個(gè)軍事和工業(yè)城市，是當(dāng)年中國(guó)污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。

Plans to develop the “Jing-Jin-Ji” area (a shorthand for Beijing, the port city of Tianjin and the surrounding province of Hebei) have resulted in economic stimulus and new property development across the region.

發(fā)展“京津冀”地區(qū)的計(jì)劃導(dǎo)致這一地區(qū)出臺(tái)了經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激措施，進(jìn)行了新的房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)。

They have been accompanied by campaigns within Beijing to tear down neighbourhood shops and wholesale markets where migrant workers work, in an attempt to force lower-income residents out of the city. Schools have closed their doors to the children of migrants. The number of new migrants to Beijing halved in 2015.

與此同時(shí)，北京市采取行動(dòng)，拆除外來(lái)務(wù)工人員打工的小區(qū)商店和批發(fā)市場(chǎng)，以求迫使低收入居民離開(kāi)這座城市。學(xué)校則拒絕招收外來(lái)務(wù)工人員子女入學(xué)。2015年，北京新增外來(lái)務(wù)工人員數(shù)量減少了一半。

Areas that have been cleared would not see new construction, and would instead be turned into green and public space, Mr Cai vowed.

蔡奇承諾，對(duì)于城區(qū)騰退后的空間不再建設(shè)，而是將其變成綠地，變成公共服務(wù)設(shè)施。

Beijing has also encouraged its universities to develop new campuses in satellite cities.

北京還鼓勵(lì)該市高校在衛(wèi)星城發(fā)展新校區(qū)。

Hollowing out the city may help Mr Cai in his December pledge to prevent property prices in Beijing from rising this year. On Monday he also vowed to cut coal use in the capital by 30 per cent. The city is phasing out its last coal-fired power plant in favour of a gas-fired plant. It already sources much of its power from the smoke-shrouded city of Zhangjiakou, four hours’ drive to the north-west, which will host the Winter Olympics in 2022.

蔡奇去年12月承諾北京房?jī)r(jià)今年不再上漲，疏解非首都功能可能有助于他兌現(xiàn)承諾。本周一，蔡奇還誓言要將北京煤炭使用量削減30%。北京正淘汰其最后一座燃煤電廠，建設(shè)燃?xì)怆姀S。北京現(xiàn)在所用的許多電力已然由煙霧籠罩下的城市張家口提供。張家口位于北京西北方向，距北京車(chē)程4個(gè)小時(shí)，該市將在2022年承辦冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。