英多家銀行“拉黑”GSK中國(guó)丑聞涉事偵探

A British private investigator jailed in China in the wake of GlaxoSmithKline’s bribery scandal has been blacklisted by banks, including HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland, after authorities helped bring him back to the UK.

在葛蘭素史克(GlaxoSmithKline)爆出行賄丑聞后在中國(guó)被捕的英國(guó)私家偵探韓飛龍(Peter Humphrey)，在當(dāng)局幫助下遣返回英國(guó)后，被包括匯豐銀行(HSBC)和蘇格蘭皇家銀行(RBS)在內(nèi)的多家銀行列入黑名單。

Peter Humphrey, who was convicted after a closed-door trial in 2014 of illegally obtaining information on Chinese citizens, told the Financial Times that HSBC had withdrawn his personal and business accounts without explanation on his repatriation last year after a decades-long relationship. RBS’s offshore arm, with whom he had banked since 2012, also pulled services.

韓飛龍2014年在一次不公開(kāi)審理后被判非法獲取中國(guó)公民信息。他向英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》表示，在他去年被遣返英國(guó)之后，匯豐銀行已不顧數(shù)十年的業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)，注銷(xiāo)了他的個(gè)人和商業(yè)戶頭。而自2012年以來(lái)他一直開(kāi)展銀行業(yè)務(wù)的RBS離岸機(jī)構(gòu)也同樣中斷了對(duì)他的服務(wù)。

While the banks declined to comment to the FT on specific cases, Mr Humphrey believes that the reason they closed his accounts was because of a confidential database used by 49 of the world’s 50 biggest banks, including HSBC and RBS.

雖然上述銀行拒絕向英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》發(fā)布對(duì)個(gè)案的置評(píng)，韓飛龍卻認(rèn)為它們關(guān)閉其戶頭的原因來(lái)自一個(gè)機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。包括匯豐銀行和RBS在內(nèi)，全球50家最大銀行中有49家使用了這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

World-Check, owned by Thomson Reuters, is used by banks, law firms and government agencies to research individuals and go through sanctions lists. Banks use it as part of their “know your client” checks, or KYC for short, that they must carry out as part of anti-money-laundering rules.

這個(gè)名為World-Check的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)歸湯森路透(Thomson Reuters)所有，它被多家銀行、律師事務(wù)所和政府機(jī)關(guān)用于研究個(gè)人狀況及查閱制裁名單。銀行將該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用于反洗錢(qián)規(guī)定強(qiáng)制要求的“了解你的客戶”(KYC)類(lèi)型的審查。

But detractors allege that the database serves as an unaccountable blacklist, aggregating unverified blogs and newspaper articles, including some from state-sponsored sources, as well as court judgments from around the world.

不過(guò)，該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的貶低者則稱，該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是個(gè)不負(fù)責(zé)任的黑名單，匯集的信息除了全球的法庭判決，還有未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的博客和新聞報(bào)道，其中包括部分來(lái)自政府贊助信息源的信息。

The database’s own fine print states that it provides merely a snapshot that “should be read by users in the context of the fuller details available in the external sources provided” and cautions their customers to verify the information. Individuals can request changes to inaccurate information.

該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的小字說(shuō)明聲稱，它只是提供了一個(gè)信息快照，“用戶應(yīng)將其放在所附外部信息源提供的更詳盡細(xì)節(jié)下解讀”，并提醒客戶要對(duì)信息加以確認(rèn)。此外，個(gè)人也可要求對(duì)其中不準(zhǔn)確的信息加以更正。

World-Check said in a statement that it aggregated information from government watch lists and sanctions databases, as well as “publicly available information from reputable sources in order to help clients comply with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regulations. Customers can then use this data to follow their own regulatory compliance policies and procedures.”

World-Check在一份聲明中表示，它所收集的信息來(lái)自政府監(jiān)控名單及制裁數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以及“有聲譽(yù)的信息來(lái)源公開(kāi)提供的信息，以幫助客戶遵守反洗錢(qián)和反恐金融監(jiān)管規(guī)定。這樣，客戶就可以使用這些數(shù)據(jù)，執(zhí)行自己的監(jiān)管合規(guī)政策及流程。”

HSBC said in a statement: “HSBC has a moral and regulatory obligation to have systems and controls in place to manage financial crime risk. As part of managing this risk, we periodically review our customer relationships and in doing so we gather information from a wide range of sources and take a number of factors into consideration.”

匯豐銀行在一份聲明中表示：“匯豐有建立管控系統(tǒng)和管控手段以管理金融犯罪風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的道德和監(jiān)管義務(wù)。為管理這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們會(huì)周期性審核客戶的各種關(guān)系。為做到這一點(diǎn)，我們會(huì)從各種信息來(lái)源收集信息，并將多種因素考慮在內(nèi)。”

RBS declined to comment.

RBS則拒絕置評(píng)。

An insider at one high-street bank said that while cross-checking might occur for potentially lucrative new customers, a red flag for anyone else would be enough to terminate any relationship.

一家主流大銀行的一位內(nèi)部人士表示，盡管銀行或許會(huì)復(fù)查一下具備潛在盈利前景的新客戶，對(duì)于其他任何客戶，一個(gè)紅燈就足以終結(jié)任何業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)了。

World-Check’s results for Mr Humphrey, seen by the FT, group him with GSK and its former employees charged with bribery, even though he was not part of that investigation. The records go on to state that he was arrested then subsequently jailed “for alleged illegal trafficking of personal information”.

英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》看到，盡管韓飛龍與GSK行賄案調(diào)查無(wú)關(guān)，World-Check中對(duì)他的查找結(jié)果依然將其與GSK及其被控行賄的前雇員歸為一類(lèi)。該記錄接著表示，他先是被拘，隨后“因涉嫌非法交易個(gè)人信息”入獄。

“That is erroneous and injurious; there was no ‘trafficking’ or buying and selling of information. We produced in-depth reports,” said Mr Humphrey. “The database also equates the validity of convictions in a country like China with those of countries with a long rule of law.”

韓飛龍表示：“這種說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤而有害：根本就不存在信息買(mǎi)賣(mài)。我們只是制作了深度調(diào)查報(bào)告。這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)還將中國(guó)這類(lèi)國(guó)家的判決有效性，和擁有漫長(zhǎng)法治歷史的國(guó)家劃等號(hào)。”

Mr Humphrey and his wife were detained by Chinese authorities in 2013 after helping GSK, which was not mentioned during their trial, identify the source of a secretly filmed sex tape of its then top executive in China in bed with his girlfriend.

2013年，韓飛龍和他的妻子被中國(guó)當(dāng)局羈押，原因是此前他們?cè)鴰椭鶪SK追溯到一個(gè)磁帶的源頭，這一秘密拍攝的性愛(ài)磁帶中含有時(shí)任GSK中國(guó)最高主管與女友的床上鏡頭。

Thomson Reuters declined to comment on any specific case, citing data privacy laws. The FT competes with the company in providing news.

湯森路透援引數(shù)據(jù)隱私方面的法律，拒絕置評(píng)任何個(gè)案。目前，英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》與該公司存在新聞報(bào)道上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。