為讓學(xué)生睡飽 美國(guó)多所中學(xué)推遲上課時(shí)間

With a population of just over 11,000, Dobbs Ferry, New York is your typical sleepy town, except for one thing.

紐約市的多布斯費(fèi)里僅擁有11000多人口，是典型的慵懶小鎮(zhèn)，不過(guò)一件事情除外。

When the first school bell rings, kids are wide awake.

當(dāng)學(xué)校的第一聲鈴聲響起時(shí)，孩子們是完全清醒的。

Last September, Dobbs Ferry School District joined a small but growing cluster of schools around the US that have started pushing back their middle and high school start times in an effort to combat student grogginess.

去年9月，多布斯費(fèi)里校區(qū)加入了推遲上學(xué)時(shí)間的美國(guó)學(xué)校的隊(duì)伍，這些學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在還是少數(shù)但隊(duì)伍正逐漸壯大，它們推遲初高中上學(xué)時(shí)間以免學(xué)生們無(wú)精打采。

Bolstered by a mountain of sleep science research that says pre-teens and teenagers are some of the most sleep-deprived people and would actually do better in school with more rest, these forward-thinking schools are finally cutting worn-out students a break.

大量睡眠科學(xué)研究表示，青春期前的兒童以及青少年是最缺乏睡眠的人群。實(shí)際上，他們?cè)诘玫礁嘈菹⒑罂梢栽趯W(xué)校表現(xiàn)得更好。在這些研究的支持下，這些思想前衛(wèi)的學(xué)校最終放過(guò)了疲憊的學(xué)生。

They're letting kids sleep in.

他們讓孩子們睡懶覺(jué)。

What happens when you start later?

晚些去上課會(huì)發(fā)生什么?

Dobbs Ferry Superintendent Dr. Lisa Brady tells Business Insider that prior to the 2015-2016 school year, middle schoolers started at 8:15 a.m. and high schoolers at 7:30 a.m. Under the new policy, each school now starts and ends 45 minutes later. Both schools have experienced tremendous benefits, Brady says.

多布斯費(fèi)里校長(zhǎng)麗莎•布雷迪博士告訴商業(yè)內(nèi)幕網(wǎng)說(shuō)，在2015-2016學(xué)年前，中學(xué)生早上8點(diǎn)15開(kāi)始上課，高中生早上7點(diǎn)30開(kāi)始上課。新政策下，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)學(xué)校的上課和放學(xué)時(shí)間延后45分鐘。布雷迪稱，這兩類學(xué)校都受益匪淺。

Following a survey issued at the end of the last school year, Brady says "it was clear from both the parents and the kids, overwhelmingly, that the mornings were just less stressful."

上一學(xué)年末發(fā)布了一份調(diào)查后，布雷迪稱“大部分的家長(zhǎng)和孩子都明確表示這樣的早晨壓力更小。”

Many of the kids reported having more time to eat breakfast and get ready for school, while parents said they didn't have to drag kids out of bed or yell at them to hurry up. Once students got to school, they felt more alert. At night, they tended to reported going to bed at the same time, even though the new schedule freed up an extra 45 minutes.

據(jù)報(bào)道，許多孩子有更多的時(shí)間吃早飯，準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)，而家長(zhǎng)稱他們不需要把孩子從床上拽起來(lái)或者吼他們動(dòng)作快點(diǎn)。一旦學(xué)生們到了學(xué)校，他們感覺(jué)思維更敏捷。即使新的課程表延后了45分鐘，晚上他們往往還是在原來(lái)的時(shí)間睡覺(jué)。

The trend has been building steam for the past few years. At the advocacy group Start School Later, employees have been compiling an ongoing list of US schools and districts that have made the move to push back the first bell. So far, schools in 44 states have jumped onboard.

在過(guò)去幾年里，這一趨勢(shì)開(kāi)始發(fā)展壯大。“晚點(diǎn)上學(xué)”游說(shuō)團(tuán)體的員工匯編了延遲上學(xué)的美國(guó)學(xué)校和地區(qū)名單，該名單在不斷發(fā)展，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有44個(gè)州的學(xué)校榜上有名。

One of those is Solebury School, in New Hope, Pennsylvania, where Director of Studies Rick Tony has pushed for a robust set of changes to the typical school schedule.

其中一家是位于賓西法尼亞州新希望鎮(zhèn)的索爾伯瑞中學(xué)。教務(wù)主任瑞克•托尼推動(dòng)了該校傳統(tǒng)課程表的一系列強(qiáng)有力的改革。

Beginning this academic year, kids at Solebury, a private boarding and day school, don't start until 8:30 a.m. On Wednesdays, it's 9:00 a.m. That's a full hour later than in years past, when the first bell sounded promptly at 8.

索爾博瑞是一所私立寄宿日間學(xué)校，從本學(xué)年開(kāi)始，這里的孩子們?cè)缟?點(diǎn)30才開(kāi)始上課。星期三是早上9點(diǎn)上課。這比過(guò)去幾年晚了整整一小時(shí)，以前8點(diǎn)就準(zhǔn)時(shí)響起第一次鈴聲。

At the same time, the school also moved from six 50-minute classes to four 80-minute classes. With fewer teachers to assign homework, Tony says, kids can still enjoy their nights even if they get home slightly later.

同時(shí)，該校還把6節(jié)50分鐘的課程改為4節(jié)80分鐘的課程。托尼表示，因?yàn)榱糇鳂I(yè)的老師比以前少了，即使孩子們回家的時(shí)間稍微晚點(diǎn)，但他們?nèi)钥梢栽谝雇硐硎軞g樂(lè)時(shí)光。

"Every time we ask for feedback, the results come back 10 to 1, positive to negative," he tells Business Insider.

他告訴商業(yè)內(nèi)幕網(wǎng)說(shuō)，“每次我們尋求反饋時(shí)，積極和消極回應(yīng)的比例是10比1。”

Tony is also a math teacher, and he says his students already produce better work on a more consistent basis, even though the schedule is just a month old. Around the campus, kids seem more relaxed now that they're not juggling as much work as early in the day.

托尼也是一名數(shù)學(xué)老師，他說(shuō)雖然新課程表僅僅執(zhí)行了1個(gè)月，但他的學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)在穩(wěn)定提升。現(xiàn)在，孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校里看起來(lái)更輕松，因?yàn)樗麄儾挥迷僖淮笤缇鸵獞?yīng)付諸多課業(yè)。

The downsides of delaying start times

推遲上學(xué)時(shí)間的消極方面

Negative responses to later start times are rare, but they do happen.

推遲上學(xué)時(shí)間的消極反應(yīng)很少，但也確實(shí)存在。

Brady says some parents at Dobbs Ferry have found it harder to complete the necessary morning rituals and still get to work on time. Meanwhile, Tony says the issue at Solebury is finding enough buses for kids. In both cases, the officials say parents have the option to drop their kids off at school before the first bell so they can eat breakfast, charge their devices, or just hang out.

布雷迪稱，多布斯費(fèi)里的一些家長(zhǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們更加難以在完成早上的例行任務(wù)后仍然準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班。托尼也稱，索爾博瑞中學(xué)的問(wèn)題是為孩子們找到足夠的校車。在這兩種情況中，校方表示家長(zhǎng)們可以選擇在學(xué)校第一次響鈴之前就把孩子送來(lái)，這樣他們可以有時(shí)間吃早飯，為電子設(shè)備充電或者四處走走。

Brady has also found challenges with athletics and after-school clubs. In years prior, teams had no trouble getting to away games. Now they have less time to get there, and they have to deal with worse traffic.

布蘭迪還發(fā)現(xiàn)在體育活動(dòng)和課后社團(tuán)方面也面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。在前幾年，球隊(duì)外出去參加客場(chǎng)比賽沒(méi)什么問(wèn)題。但現(xiàn)在他們能花在路上的時(shí)間變少了，而且還面臨著更糟的交通狀況。

"The kids feel really rushed," she says.

她說(shuō)，“孩子們真的感到很匆忙。”

Once they finally get home, many say they have less time for all the homework they've been assigned. Brady says the school is brainstorming changes to the school day similar to those made at Solebury.

許多人表示，最終到家后，寫(xiě)作業(yè)的時(shí)間更短了。布雷迪表示，學(xué)校正在集體研究制定和索爾博瑞中學(xué)相似的課程安排。