印尼稱亞航航班162人生還希望渺茫

Hope Dims for Finding Survivors From Missing AirAsia Jet

印尼稱亞航航班162人生還希望渺茫

JAKARTA, Indonesia — After a second day of searching without any confirmed sighting of wreckage, the Indonesian authorities on Monday sought to lower expectations about finding survivors from a missing AirAsia jet carrying 162 people.

印度尼西亞雅加達——第二天的搜尋工作仍未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證實的飛機殘骸之后，印度尼西亞政府周一試圖降低人們對能在載有162人的亞航失蹤航班上找到生還者的預期。

“We realize that we have to be prepared for the worst,” Jusuf Kalla, Indonesia’s vice president, told reporters in Surabaya, the city from which the Singapore-bound plane took off on Sunday.

“我們意識到，必須做好最壞的打算，”印尼副總統(tǒng)優(yōu)素福·卡拉(Jusuf Kalla)在泗水對記者說。這架原定飛往新加坡的飛機是周日從該城市起飛的。

Mr. Kalla said that around 30 ships and 15 aircraft from four countries had joined the search for the jet in the Java Sea, amid the islands of Borneo, Java and Sumatra.

卡拉說，約有來自四個國家的30艘船和15架飛機參加了在爪哇海尋找該飛機的行動。爪哇海位于婆羅洲、爪哇和蘇門答臘島之間。

Bambang Soelistyo, the head of the National Search and Rescue Agency in Indonesia, offered even more sobering comments earlier on Monday when he said that the aircraft was probably “at the bottom of the sea” and that Indonesia lacked adequate equipment to conduct an underwater search.

印尼國家搜救隊隊長班邦·索里斯托(Bambang Soelistyo)在周一早些時候的記者會上說了一些更令人悲傷的話，他說，這架飛機可能已“沉在海底”，還說印尼缺乏進行水下搜索所需的設(shè)備。

Relatives of the plane’s passengers gathered in airports in Surabaya and Singapore, waiting in hopes of news.

班機上乘客的親屬聚集在泗水和新加坡的機場，抱著一絲希望等待新的消息。

A woman at the Surabaya airport wandered around looking stunned and bereft, holding a framed photograph of a family of five.

一位女子在泗水機場走來走去，滿臉震驚和失落，她手中拿著一個鑲有一家五口照片的鏡框。

“They were on their way to Singapore to visit their 12-year-old daughter,” said the woman, Nani, who said she was the family’s maid and who, like many Indonesians, uses only one name. “That girl is now an orphan.”

這位女子說，“他們是去新加坡看他們12歲的女兒。那個女孩現(xiàn)在成了一個孤兒。”這位女子名叫娜妮(Nani)，她說自己是他們家的女傭，和許多印尼人一樣，她只有單名。

But with officials offering few hard details, experts and some news reports were speculating on the cause of the disappearance, from bad weather to fears that the aircraft was traveling too slowly to stay airborne.

由于政府官員沒有提供多少有關(guān)細節(jié)，專家和一些新聞媒體在猜測飛機失蹤的原因，例如惡劣天氣，也有人擔心這架飛機的飛行速度過慢，導致其失去升力。

Search teams, which included fishing boats pressed into service and vessels from Australia, Malaysia and Singapore, covered a large area of sea near the island of Belitung, the last known location of the plane, an Airbus A320-200.

搜索船隊中包括臨時征調(diào)的漁船，以及來自澳大利亞、馬來西亞和新加坡的船只，覆蓋了勿里洞島附近的大片海域，這是該空客A320-200型客機最后的已知位置。

Officials said the countries were working together “seamlessly,” but they were hard-pressed to search underwater.

官員說，這些國家正在“不停頓地”共同努力，但他們水下搜尋的能力有限。

“The capability of our equipment is not optimum,” Mr. Bambang said.

班邦說，“我們的設(shè)備能力并非最佳。”

Search-and-rescue teams on Monday spotted debris that turned out to be unrelated flotsam, the same kind of false alarms that plagued the search efforts for the Malaysia Airlines plane that disappeared over the Indian Ocean in March.

搜索和救援隊周一發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些碎片，但它們只是些無關(guān)的漂浮物。搜索馬來西亞航空公司3月份消失在印度洋的飛機的工作也受到過這類假情況的困擾。

Although weather was suspected as a factor in the aircraft’s disappearance, Pramintohadi Sukarno, an official at the Transportation Ministry who is helping lead the search, said background checks were being carried out on all passengers as part of standard procedures.

盡管天氣被懷疑為飛機失蹤的一個因素，但協(xié)助領(lǐng)導搜索工作的印尼交通部官員普拉敏托哈迪·蘇加諾(Pramintohadi Sukarno)表示，做為標準程序的一部分，正在對所有乘客的背景進行調(diào)查。

Some experts expressed fears that, faced with stormy weather, the aircraft may have been traveling at an angle and speed that would not sustain flight. This was a central factor in the crash of an Air France flight over the Atlantic Ocean in 2009, when pilots, encountering foul weather and with instruments seeming to malfunction, failed to recognize that their aircraft had entered an aerodynamic stall.

一些專家擔心，在暴風雨天氣情況下，這架飛機飛行的角度和速度可能未能讓其保持升力。這是法國航空公司班機2009年在大西洋上空墜毀的核心因素，當時飛行員遇到惡劣天氣，而儀器似乎發(fā)生了故障，使得他們未能意識到，飛機已經(jīng)失去了升力。

Hugh Ritchie, the Singapore-based chief executive of Aviation Consultants International, said the plane was flying roughly 100 knots below the general cruising speed, well within the safe envelope for flight but possibly a sign that it was climbing, had experienced severe icing or slowed to better manage turbulence.

總部在新加坡的航空顧問國際(Aviation Consultants International)的首席執(zhí)行官休·里奇(Hugh Ritchie)表示，該班機的飛行速度比通常的巡航速度低大約185公里/小時，雖然這完全是在安全飛行速度范圍之內(nèi)，但可能也是一種跡象，表明飛機正在上升，或遭遇了嚴重的結(jié)冰，或放慢了速度以更好地應對湍流。

“My personal opinion is, they should not fly through this type of weather,” he said. “I think this is probably a combination of severe weather and pilot error in terms of the flight path.”

“我個人的看法是，他們不應該在這類天氣情況下飛行，”他說。“我認為，從飛行路線來看，這可能是惡劣天氣和飛行員操作失誤的組合。”

Yet while Sunday’s disappearance is yet another blow to Indonesia’s aviation safety record, it is not necessarily a reflection of a systemic failure at AirAsia or of the civic aviation safety system.

然而，盡管周日的飛機失蹤是對印尼的航空安全記錄的又一打擊，但這不一定反映了亞航整體出現(xiàn)了問題，或反映了民用航空安全系統(tǒng)的失誤。

The airline, the leading Asian budget carrier, had carried 250 million passengers since its founding more than a decade ago without a fatal accident.

亞航是亞洲領(lǐng)先的廉價航空公司，自從十多年前成立以來，已運載乘客達2.5億人次，此前從未出過死亡事故。

The possibility that bad weather played a role in the disappearance has renewed debate over whether pilots have access to enough data to warn them of weather-related dangers.

惡劣天氣在飛機失蹤中或許起了作用，這再次引起對一個問題的爭論：飛行員是否有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)，讓他們得到有關(guān)天氣的危險警告。

“The fact is, there’s more technology and automated alerting on some of the apps on your smartphone than are on these planes today,” said Bob Marshall, chief executive of Earth Networks, a company that provides global weather data. “The vast majority of the world lacks adequate technology and alerting that pilots need to help keep the plane you’re flying in out of harm’s way.”

監(jiān)測全球天氣情況的地球網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司(Earth Networks)首席執(zhí)行官鮑勃·馬歇爾(Bob Marshall)說，“實際上，你的智能手機比如今的這些飛機有更多的自動化告警技術(shù)的應用。世界上絕大多數(shù)東西缺乏足夠的、飛行員所需的技術(shù)和提醒工具，以幫助他保持你所乘坐的飛機不受傷害。”

An Indonesian pilot who now works for an airline in the Middle East said that pilots traversing the Indonesian archipelago are often confronted with large and potentially volatile cloud formations, especially during the monsoon season. But he doubted that more or better technology was the answer.

現(xiàn)在中東航空公司工作的一名印尼飛行員表示，穿越印度尼西亞群島的飛行員常常面臨不穩(wěn)定的巨大云體，尤其是在雨季。但他對靠更多或更好的技術(shù)就能解決問題表示懷疑。