睡得好才能掙得多？

睡得好才能掙得多?

The typical picture of a corporate highflier is someone who survives on very little sleep. He or she rises when it is still dark, works late and is still answering emails at two o'clock in the morning.

典型的胸懷大志的公司人士睡眠很少。他們通常在天還未亮?xí)r就起來了，工作到很晚，在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)仍在回復(fù)電子郵件。

Such people do exist, of course. The late British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, for example, was famous for operating on a few hours' sleep. Some entrepreneurs and Wall Street traders seem to follow suit.

當(dāng)然，世界上確實(shí)有這樣的人。比如，已故英國(guó)首相撒切爾(Margaret Thatcher)就以每天只睡幾小時(shí)而知名。一些企業(yè)家和華爾街交易員似乎也跟風(fēng)效仿。

But if you think you need to do the same thing to get ahead, think again. A growing body of research is finding that, on the contrary, those who get a good night's sleep are usually more productive at work. They think more clearly, quickly and creatively than those trying to get by on a few hours' rest and a gallon of caffeine.

但如果你認(rèn)為必須少睡覺才能出類拔萃，你最好三思而行。越來越多的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一夜好眠的人通常在工作中效率更高。相比那些試圖憑著幾小時(shí)睡眠和大量咖啡因完成一天工作的人，他們的頭腦更清楚、思維更敏捷、創(chuàng)造力也更強(qiáng)。

That's because sleep doesn't just rest the brain, say medical specialists. It allows the brain to perform vital maintenance and restoration tasks. Brains that get too little sleep simply cannot perform as well as those that are rested.

醫(yī)療專家稱，這是因?yàn)樗卟粌H可以使你的大腦休息。睡眠還可以使大腦進(jìn)行重要的維護(hù)和復(fù)原任務(wù)。睡眠太少的人的大腦表現(xiàn)不及睡眠充足者。

'There's no doubt that sleep deprivation affects job performance,' says the Detroit Medical Center's Safwan Badr, a former president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 'The evidence is compelling that when you do not get enough sleep...you are not as productive.'

現(xiàn)供職于底特律醫(yī)療中心(Detroit Medical Center)、曾任美國(guó)睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)(American Academy of Sleep Medicine)會(huì)長(zhǎng)的巴德爾(Safwan Badr)表示，毫無疑問，睡眠不足會(huì)影響工作表現(xiàn)。他說，有非常具有說服力的證據(jù)顯示當(dāng)你睡眠不足的時(shí)候，效率會(huì)下降。

Investors, Take Heed

投資者們，留心

Investors should also take heed: Numerous studies have found that those running on too little sleep tend to make poorer investment decisions and take needless risks as well.

投資者們也應(yīng)該留意。許多研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠時(shí)間過少的人做的投資決定也更差，同時(shí)還會(huì)承擔(dān)不必要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Charles Czeisler, a sleep specialist at Brigham & Women's Hospital in Boston, agrees. 'Missing a night's sleep degrades our neurobehavioral performance'-that is, our mental acuity-'by the equivalent to being legally drunk,' he says. And, he warns, this doesn't only apply if you miss one night's sleep completely; you'll see similar effects if you simply sleep too little each night over time.

波士頓Brigham & Women's Hospital的睡眠專家蔡斯勒(Charles Czeisler)同意這種觀點(diǎn)。他說：一晚上沒睡會(huì)將我們的神經(jīng)行為表現(xiàn)(即靈敏度)降低到法定醉酒的水平。他還提醒說，不僅是整晚沒睡會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況，如果長(zhǎng)期以來一直睡眠過少也會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似的影響。

For the first time, new research has attempted to put some numbers on the link between more Zzzs and more Benjamins. Matthew Gibson and Jeffrey Shrader, graduate researchers in the economics department of the University of California, San Diego, compared wage data with sleep times recorded in the U.S. Census Bureau's American Time Use Survey. Their conclusion: For those who are sleeping too little, 'a one-hour increase in long-run average sleep increases wages by 16%, equivalent to more than a year of schooling.'

新的研究也首次嘗試將睡眠時(shí)間與賺錢之間的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)化。吉布森(Matthew Gibson)與施雷德(Jeffrey Shrader)是加州大學(xué)圣迭戈分校(University of California, San Diego)經(jīng)濟(jì)系的研究人員。吉布森與施雷德將工資數(shù)據(jù)與美國(guó)人口普查局(Census Bureau)所做的美國(guó)人時(shí)間使用調(diào)查(American Time Use Survey)中的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。他們得出的結(jié)論是，對(duì)于睡眠時(shí)間過少的人來說，長(zhǎng)期平均睡眠時(shí)間每增加1小時(shí)，工資便會(huì)增加16%，這種增幅相當(dāng)于返回學(xué)校重念一年多書的效果。

Adults need eight hours of sleep on average, experts say. There is some variation between individuals, but it is far less than many think. Many of those who think they can be just as productive with a lot less are fooling themselves, he says. In round numbers, the percentage of adults who can really get by on five hours or less per night 'is about zero,' says Dr. Czeisler.

專家們說，成年人需要的睡眠時(shí)間平均為8小時(shí)。有些人認(rèn)為不需要太多睡眠時(shí)間也可以保持同樣的生產(chǎn)力，但是蔡斯勒說這當(dāng)中許多人是在欺騙自己。蔡斯勒說，大致上來說，每晚只需5個(gè)小時(shí)或以下睡眠時(shí)間的成年人比例幾乎“為零”。

It's easy to be fooled. Research suggests that tired professionals are still able to go through the motions of their jobs-such as sitting in meetings, understanding reports, and performing the kinds of routine professional tasks they usually undertake.

我們很容易被蒙蔽。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，疲勞的專業(yè)人士仍能應(yīng)付一些工作上的事情，例如開會(huì)、看懂報(bào)告以及執(zhí)行日常的工作任務(wù)。

Modern corporations often push key employees to go short on sleep, demanding they work longer hours and stay in touch late at night. But sleep loss impairs higher-level brain skills.

現(xiàn)代企業(yè)經(jīng)常要求重要員工減少睡眠，要求他們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，而且到夜里很晚都要確保聯(lián)系得上。但睡眠減少會(huì)損害高層次大腦機(jī)能。

When we are tired, we find it much harder to think innovatively and to make creative leaps, say researchers. We find it harder to adapt our thinking to new information or to learn new lessons. We struggle to make good judgments in very ambiguous situations. We are also more vulnerable to mood swings, more irritable and less able to get along with others.

研究人員表示，當(dāng)我們處于疲勞狀態(tài)時(shí)，我們的思維很難有創(chuàng)新性，也很難做出創(chuàng)新性的舉措，我們的思維也很難適應(yīng)新信息或?qū)W習(xí)新課程。當(dāng)遇到捉摸不定的情況時(shí)，我們很難做出正確的判斷。我們還更容易出現(xiàn)情緒波動(dòng)，更容易發(fā)怒，也更難和別人相處。

Consider: At England's Loughborough University in 1999, researchers Yvonne Harrison and James Horne tested the effects of sleep deprivation on a small group of healthy young participants. They were given complex business-situation tasks in the form of a game, as well as some critical reading tasks. Those who went short on sleep were able to keep up with the reading, they found. But when it came to the complex game, 'their play collapsed,' they reported.

一個(gè)例子。1999年，英格蘭拉夫堡大學(xué)(Loughborough University)的研究人員哈里森(Yvonne Harrison)和霍恩( James Horne)測(cè)試了睡眠不足對(duì)一小組健康年輕人的影響。這些參加測(cè)試的人要以游戲的方式完成復(fù)雜的商業(yè)環(huán)境下的任務(wù)以及一些重要的閱讀任務(wù)。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些睡眠不足的人在閱讀方面還能跟得上，但到復(fù)雜游戲時(shí)，他們的游戲就進(jìn)行不下去了。

'Herd Mentality'

“從眾心理”

In other words, if you're a white-collar professional, sleep loss may not get you fired. But it may be stopping you from doing the things that would get you a promotion. It may even help explain the 'herd mentality' often seen on Wall Street.

換句話說，如果你是一名職業(yè)白領(lǐng)，睡眠不足也許不會(huì)讓你被解雇，但可能會(huì)影響你的工作，使你失去升遷的機(jī)會(huì)。這也許還有助于解釋華爾街經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的“從眾心理”。

Yet even as more of us are working in jobs that require innovative and creative thinking, we are getting less and less sleep.

即便我們中越來越多的人正在從事需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新和創(chuàng)造性思維的工作，我們卻睡得越來越少。

We get far less sleep than our grandparents, say specialists. Dr. Czeisler says 20% to 30% of workers sleep less than six hours a night during the week. Fifty years ago, he says, the number was around 2% to 3%.

專家稱，我們的睡眠要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于我們的祖父母一輩。蔡斯勒博士說，有20%至30%的工人一周中每晚的睡眠時(shí)間少于六小時(shí)。他稱五十年前這一比例大約為2%至3%。

Experts blame electric lights, alarm clocks, and now the Internet and smartphones.

專家們將此歸咎于電燈、鬧鐘，以及現(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和智能手機(jī)。

'If you need an alarm clock to wake you up, by definition, you're not getting enough sleep,' warns Dr. Czeisler. Some patients tell him they keep their smartphones by their bedside table so they can check emails last thing at night, first thing in the morning, and in the middle of the night if they wake up.

蔡斯勒博士警告稱，根據(jù)定義，如果你需要鬧鐘把你叫醒，你就沒有獲得充足睡眠。一些病人告訴他，他們將智能手機(jī)放在床頭柜上，以便睡前最后一刻和醒來的第一件事可以查收郵件，夜里醒來的時(shí)候也可以看看郵件。

His verdict: 'It's insane.'

他的結(jié)論是：這太瘋狂了。