紐約時(shí)報(bào)：全球失業(yè)者多集中于年輕人群

        The global recession has caused unemployment rates to rise almost everywhere, and for almost every group. But it was particularly hard on young people, whose unemployment rates rose much faster than those of adults。

　　Just how badly young people were affected appears to have depended partly on how severe the local downturn was and partly on local labor practices and laws. Some of the hardest-hit young people were in countries with the most protections for older workers。

　　The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which includes 29 mostly rich countries, released a study this week of youth unemployment in advance of a meeting of labor ministers from the Group of 20 countries, scheduled for Monday in Washington. "There are currently nearly 15 million youth unemployed in the O.E.C.D. area, about four million more than at the end of 2007," stated the study。

　　The largest unemployment rate for young people — defined as ages 15 to 24 in most countries and 16 to 24 in others — was in Spain, where in the final quarter of last year the unemployment rate was 39.6 percent, more than double the 19.1 percent of two years earlier. For adults, the rate rose to 16.9 percent from 7.4 percent. Spain, like many European countries, provides protection for those with permanent jobs, a fact that led some employers to expand the use of temporary jobs, which provide fewer benefits. "Most of the job losses were recorded among workers on temporary jobs, many of whom are youth," the study stated。

　　The exception to the trend was in Germany, where unemployment among young people actually declined, to 10.3 percent, over the two-year period. The study attributed that in part to "a rather successful apprenticeship system that ensures a relatively smooth transition from school to work for most youth."

　　"For disadvantaged youth lacking basic education, a failure in their first experience on the labor market is often difficult to make up and may expose them to long-lasting scarring effects."

　　美國《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》：全球失業(yè) 四處都是年輕的臉

　　全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率上升，幾乎所有地區(qū)和群體都不例外。但年輕人受到的打擊尤為沉重，其失業(yè)率上升速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于年紀(jì)較大的成年人。

　　年輕人會(huì)受到多大影響，部分取決于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)衰退的嚴(yán)重程度，部分取決于當(dāng)?shù)氐膭趧?dòng)法規(guī)和相關(guān)習(xí)俗。一部分受到最嚴(yán)重打擊的年輕人身處那些為年紀(jì)較大的就業(yè)者提供最多保護(hù)的國家。

　　包括29個(gè)最富裕國家在內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(經(jīng)合組織)上周發(fā)表了一份研究年輕人失業(yè)狀況的報(bào)告。而本周一，二十國集團(tuán)的勞工部長們將在華盛頓召開會(huì)議。這份研究報(bào)告稱：“目前經(jīng)合組織國家中有將近1500萬年輕人失業(yè)，比2007年底大約多了400萬。”

　　年輕人--在大多數(shù)國家，是指15歲到24歲，在另一些國家，是指16歲到24歲--失業(yè)率最高的是西班牙，去年最后一個(gè)季度為39.6%，比兩年前的19.1%翻了一番還不止。年齡較長成年人的失業(yè)率從7.4%上升到16.9%。與很多歐洲國家一樣，西班牙為擁有固定工作的人提供保護(hù)，這一事實(shí)導(dǎo)致了一些雇主增加了福利較少的臨時(shí)工作的數(shù)量。研究報(bào)告稱：“失業(yè)的大多數(shù)是臨時(shí)工，其中很多是年輕人。”

　　與趨勢相反的是德國。在德國，年輕人失業(yè)率有所下降，兩年來已經(jīng)降至10.3%。研究報(bào)告認(rèn)為，這一現(xiàn)象部分歸功于“一個(gè)相當(dāng)成功的學(xué)徒制度，去報(bào)了大多數(shù)年輕人相對平穩(wěn)得從學(xué)校過渡到工作”。

　　報(bào)告稱，“對于受教育不夠的年輕人，或者缺乏工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的年輕人，可能不太容易在短期內(nèi)找到工作，而因失業(yè)而受到負(fù)面影響的時(shí)間也會(huì)因此被延長。”