雅思聽力場景詞匯：關鍵詞

　　一、 關系詞的定義和分類

　　關系詞，即體現(xiàn)句子之間關系的詞或詞組。也有不少人稱之為信號詞，或者是連接詞。不管在雅思聽說讀寫四門中的任何一門都需要用到這類詞，以使得句子更加流暢，句意更加明晰。分析認為，關系詞可非分兩大類：

　　同向關系詞:即用上此類詞或詞組，句子內部或句子間的方向沒有發(fā)生改變，只是根據(jù)前面的句意進一步延伸和細化。將其歸納為：

　　舉例關系詞：for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example.

　　類比關系詞：like, alike, similar, same, as.

　　選擇，并列和遞進關系詞：or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover.

　　因果關系詞：表示由引起的，后接原因的詞或詞組：because，because of，as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that.

　　表示導致，后接結果的詞或者詞組：so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate.

　　總結關系詞：in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief.

　　2. 逆向關系詞：

　　逆向關系詞，即用上此類詞或詞組，句子內部或句子間的方向發(fā)生改變，前后句子意思形成相反關系。總結發(fā)現(xiàn)，這類詞包含：

　　否定關系詞：not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neither…nor.

　　轉折和讓步關系詞：but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though.

　　對比關系詞：unlike，by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely.