托福閱讀文化類詞匯匯總

homogeneous 同質(zhì)的 homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homosexual, heterosexual

mainstream 主流 主流的

dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)

discrepancy 差異

misconception 誤解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding

barrier 障礙(物)~ bar, = barricade

discrimination 區(qū)別，歧視racial/sexual discrimination discriminate (+against)

hierarchy 等級制度heir + arch(govern) + y

insularity 島國性質(zhì) ( insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.

microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)

nostalgia = homesickness

patriot 愛國者 (<> traitor)à patriotic, patriotism

compatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriot

vernacular 本地的，本國的 本地話，本國話the vernacular languages of India

Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish

immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)

antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”

permeate 滲透，彌漫Smoke permeated the house.

entrepreneur 企業(yè)家 (~ enterprise)à entrepreneurship

practitioner 開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者praction(practice) + er

celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP

proxy 代理人

anecdote 軼事 (à anecdotal)

notoriety 惡名 ( notorious)

counterpart 對應(yīng)人，對等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalance

peer 同等的人 凝視，窺視(~ peep)

subordinate 下級 下級的<> superior

tactics 戰(zhàn)術(shù)，技巧v.s. strategy (戰(zhàn)略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics

nuance a subtle difference in meaning

benchmarking 類比分析

punctual 準時的，守時的 (à punctuality)

absenteeism 曠工absent à absentee à absenteeism

flextime 彈性工作時間flex(flexible) + time

harass 騷擾 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.

redundancy 冗余，冗員network redundancy

downsize 裁員 (~ lay off)

ballot 投票 (= vote)

impartial 不偏不倚的 (<> partial)

lobby 大堂(n.) 游說(v.)

shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)

equilibrium 平衡，均衡

questionnaire 調(diào)查表，問卷

quantitative 定量的 (<> qualitative)

contingency 偶然性，偶然事件

incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur

ethical 倫理的，符合倫理的~ ethics, <> unethical

dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.

manifestation 顯示，證明 ( manifest)

subtitle 字幕，副標題 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts)

dubbing 配音錄制

vogue 時尚 ^ chic

bizarre 奇異的v.s. weird (怪異的)

mediocre 平庸的

dietitian 飲食學家 (~ diet)

connoisseur 行家，鑒賞家^ entrée, a la carte