語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目 | 構(gòu) 成 | 用 法 | 象 征 詞 | 規(guī)則變化 | 不規(guī)則變化 | 例 句 |
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) | 動(dòng)詞用原形 三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s / es |
表示經(jīng)常性的 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) |
Every often always on 天 in月、季、節(jié)、年。 | 一般-s –es 輔音+y---ies | have----has |
He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. |
一般過(guò)去時(shí) | 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí) Be—was/ were |
表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及狀態(tài) | ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 | 一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔+y結(jié)尾-ied | go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 |
He wrote a letter yesterday. I studied hard last year. |
一般將來(lái)時(shí) | be going to+V原 will / shall + V原 |
在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或 某段時(shí)要做的事 |
tomorrow / after next / tonight in 2010 |
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Go come leave stay fly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái) |
Are you going to read ? He is coming tomorrow . |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) | be+doing | 表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) | listen look now all the time Don’t… |
一般去e 雙寫(xiě) +ing |
tie die lie – 變ie為y加ing |
Tom is writing now . They are lying on the bed . |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 |
have / has +PP have/has been+doing |
發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等 | 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever | 分詞規(guī)則的同過(guò)去式是一樣的 | 不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶 | I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. |
.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) | was / were +doing 多用于復(fù)合句中 |
表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 | at this time yesterday last Sunday evening |
一般去e 雙寫(xiě) +ing |
tie die lie – 變ie為y加ing |
He was reading at that time last Friday |
過(guò)去完成時(shí) | had+動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞 多用于復(fù)合句中 |
該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去 | by the time+過(guò)去時(shí) when after before |
規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過(guò)去時(shí)一樣的 | 需要逐個(gè)記憶 詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表 |
We had learnt 2000 words by the end of last year. |
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) | would + V 原形 多用賓語(yǔ)從句中 |
過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) | He said that he… the next day . | He said that he would come here the next day . | ||
比較級(jí)形式 形容副詞名詞 |
后--er 前加more 名詞比較用more |
表示兩個(gè)人、物 之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí) |
than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 |
一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔+y結(jié)尾-ier | good/well —better much/many—more |
She is the tall in the two. He runs faster than Tom . |
最高級(jí)形式 形容副詞名詞 |
后-est 前加most 名詞比較用most |
大于等于三個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較 | in the +比較范圍 of the 具體的數(shù)字 |
一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔+y結(jié)尾-iest | bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest |
She is the most beautiful in her class.(最高級(jí)加the) |
動(dòng)詞不定式 to do沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化 |
作主語(yǔ) To read is helpful for anybody now . |
作賓語(yǔ) He wants to buy a dictionary. |
作賓補(bǔ) I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me to open it. |
作表語(yǔ) His job is to take care of children . |
作狀語(yǔ) He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . |
作定語(yǔ) He has much homework to do every day . |
主從復(fù)合句 | 狀語(yǔ)從句 句子作狀語(yǔ) (時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較) He was writing a letter when I came in。 |
賓語(yǔ)從句 句子作賓語(yǔ)(語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí)) He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. |
定語(yǔ)從句 句子作定語(yǔ)(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞) I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday |
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主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 與 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) |
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)(人、物)+ 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)作承受者 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)(人、物)+be PP + by賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)作承受者 + be PP + by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to 的不定式 |
We speak English . 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) English is spoken by us 賓改主 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be PP 主by 賓 |
主動(dòng)變被動(dòng),先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細(xì)心,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be pp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被 PP 是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed 或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表 被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)(be)隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)(do)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等 ) |