高中英語非謂語動詞詳解 高中英語非謂語動詞詳解

　　非謂語動詞

　　一、動詞不定式

　　一)、不定式結構作主語

　　To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.

　　To persevere means victory!

　　注①：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：

　　It’s a great pleasure to be here.

　　It is not an easy thing to master a language.

　　注②：這種后置不定式的結構也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞的句子，如：

　　It took us five hours to get there.

　　It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.

　　注③：不定式結構的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯觯部梢杂?ldquo; for + 名詞詞組” 來表示，如：

　　It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.

　　It was difficult for me to do the work.

　　注④：某些形容詞在上述結構中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名詞詞組” 來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況，如：

　　It’s kind of you to think so much of us.

　　It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.

　　It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.

　　It was careless of her to make such a mistake.

　　二)、不定式結構作表語

　　1.主語和表語都是不定式(其含義往往一是條件，一是結果)，如：

　　To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.

　　To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.

　　2.主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內容，如：

　　My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

　　Your mistake was not to write that letter.

　　My suggestion is to start work at once.

　　What I would suggest is to start work at once.

　　注：在某些句型中，當主語部分有動作動詞do 時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號 “to”，如：

　　All we have to do is push the button.

　　The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.

　　All I could do was send him a telegram.