英語學習:5招讓你更聰明地學習

How to Study Smarter

怎樣更加聰明地學習

There are a few adjustments you can make to your normal study routine to make the most of your time and effort. These adjustments are based on a few scientific discoveries about learning.

為了最大限度地利用好你的時間和努力，你可以對自己的日常學習計劃做一些如下的調(diào)整。這些建議是基于一些關(guān)于學習的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)。

?We learn over time with repetition.

通過重復(fù)來一次次地學習

?We learn from active experience.

通過活動經(jīng)驗來學習

?We learn through comparison.

通過比較來學習

?We learn by testing ourselves.

通過自測來學習

1.Time and Repetition

時間和重復(fù)

Some studies on brain science have shown that the practice of revisiting informationenhances learning. In other words, it is a good idea to study material more than one time, over a period of days.

一些關(guān)于腦科學的研究表明，回顧信息的實踐可以加強學習效果。也就是說，在一段時期內(nèi)，多次地學習材料是一個好方法。

To study smarter, then, you should start your study session a few days ahead of time and study a few hours, walk away from the material, and study the same material again a few days later.

為了更加聰明地學習，你應(yīng)該提前幾天開始著手你的學習單元，學習幾個小時，然后暫時放棄，幾天后又再次學習。

2.Learn Through Experience

從經(jīng)驗中學習

There are indications that our brains love to make associations or “connections” when we read or observe something new. It seems that the more we enhance the experience as we read, the more we may retain.

當我們在閱讀或觀察新的事物時，我們的大腦會出現(xiàn)建立聯(lián)系的跡象。似乎我們越是加強閱讀經(jīng)驗，能記住的東西也就越多。

As you study, you should incorporate active study strategies like drawing images, writing outlines, and repeating (into a mirror) what you’ve learned from memory.

當你學習的時候，你可以吸收一些積極的學習模式，例如畫圖、寫大綱、根據(jù)記憶（在鏡子前）重復(fù)。

It is also a good idea to study in a variety of places and environments to stimulate more associations. For example, you could study once in a quiet library and again in a very different environment, like a park or your own room.

在不同的地方或環(huán)境里學習，也是一個促進更多聯(lián)系的好辦法。例如，你可以現(xiàn)在安靜的圖書館里學習，然后在另一個截然不同的環(huán)境里學習，例如公園或自己的房間。

3.Comparing As We Study

在學習中比較

We understand new things by comparing them to things we already know.

我

們通過將所學的內(nèi)容進行比較來理解新事物。

To demonstrate this, try to describe a lime to someone who has never encountered one. Your depiction might go something like this:

為了演示，你可以向一個從沒見過酸橙的人描述酸橙。你的描述可能是這樣的：

“It’s like a lemon, but it’s green. It tastes and smells like a mix between a lemon and a tomato vine.”

它像個檸檬，但卻是綠色的。它的味道和氣味介于檸檬和西紅柿之間。

That person would most likely be able to identify a lime easily, because he or she will be able to consult stored knowledge to conjure new information (the imagined taste of a lime).

別人就會很容易地理解酸橙是什么，因為他們可以從已有的知識中得出新的信息（想象酸橙的味道）。

Any time you study new material, your brain consults stored knowledge to make sense of the new things you’re encountering. For example, if you live in the United States and you are required to learn about communism, you will most likely learn by comparing that system to a system you already know, like capitalism.

任何時候，當你學習新的知識，你的大腦會通過查閱已有的知識來理解你所遇到的新的事物。例如，如果你是個美國人，別人要求你學習共產(chǎn)主義的知識，你很可能會通過將共產(chǎn)主義和你已經(jīng)了解的一種制度進行比較，例如資本主義，從而進行學習。

When you study terms to prepare for a test, you should always select two terms at the same time and describe the differences between them.

當你為了準備考試而學習術(shù)語的時候，你應(yīng)該同時選出兩個術(shù)語，描述它們的不同點。

4.Learning By Testing

從測試中學習

Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error. When it comes to studying effectively, it turns out that testing is one of the best ways to prepare for testing!

近來的研究成果告訴我們，通過反復(fù)的嘗試和錯誤，學習效果能得到加強。要想取得學習效果，測試其實就是備考的最佳方法之一！

There is good evidence that the very best way for you to learn is to take a series of practice tests. This means that the process of trying to answer questions, getting questions wrong, discovering why you were wrong, and correcting yourself—is the smartest study strategy of all.

有充分的證據(jù)表明，學習的最佳方式就是完成一系列的測驗。這意味著回答問題、出錯、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯在哪兒以及改正的過程是最聰明的學習模式。

Of course, if you want to do this right, you should have someone else prepare a few practice tests for you. This can be easy: just find a partner (or a group) and write questions for each other.

當然，如果你想做到這些，就得讓別人為你準備測驗。這很簡單：找一個搭檔（或小組），然后相互出題。

In summary, the science says this: if you want to study harder and smarter, you should start early, find a study partner, get active, and test yourself.

總的來說，科學研究表明：如果你想更刻苦、更聰明地學習，就要早做準備，找一個學習搭檔，積極主動起來，給自己做測驗。

5. 找一個比你專業(yè)的人指導

聞道有先后，術(shù)業(yè)有專攻。遇到語言問題久攻不下不代表學習能力存在不足，更多的是與學習方法有關(guān)。尋求專業(yè)的人員指導，效果事半功倍。