英語(yǔ)世界文摘:What Is Cloud Computing?

對(duì)于有些小伙伴來說，越是努力背單詞背語(yǔ)法，英語(yǔ)成績(jī)?cè)绞请y看，倒不如去多讀多看些自己喜歡的文章，在文章中培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感和理解力，下面是小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)世界文摘:What Is Cloud Computing?的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助！

What Is Cloud Computing?

什么是云計(jì)算？

Simply put, cloud computing is the delivery of computing services – including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence – over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for cloud ser- vices you use, helping lower your operating costs, run your infrastructure more efficiently and scale¹ as your business needs change.

簡(jiǎn)單來說，云計(jì)算就是通過因特網(wǎng)（“云”）提供計(jì)算服務(wù)——包括服務(wù)器、存儲(chǔ)功能、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、聯(lián)網(wǎng)、軟件、 分析功能和智能功能——以加快創(chuàng)新、使資源配置更靈活，實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。通常你只需為自己所使用的云服務(wù)付費(fèi)，這有助于降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本，更高效地運(yùn)行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，并根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)需求的變化作出調(diào)整。

Top benefits of cloud computing

云計(jì)算的好處

Cloud computing is a big shift from the traditional way businesses think about IT resources. Here are seven common reasons organisations are turning to cloud computing services:

云計(jì)算不同于企業(yè)對(duì)IT資源的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，它是一項(xiàng)重大變革。以下是各機(jī)構(gòu)選擇云計(jì)算服務(wù)的七個(gè)常見理由。

Cost

成本

Cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware and software and setting up and running on-site² datacenters – the racks of servers, the round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling, the IT experts for managing the infrastructure. It adds up fast.

云計(jì)算免除了用以購(gòu)買硬 件和軟件以及構(gòu)建并運(yùn)行本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心的資本支出,包括服務(wù)器機(jī)架、機(jī)器運(yùn)行和冷卻需要的全天候供電,還有維護(hù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的 IT 專業(yè)人員——這些費(fèi)用增長(zhǎng)很快。

Speed

速度

Most cloud computing services are provided self service and on demand, so even vast amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in minutes, typically with just a few mouse clicks,giving businesses a lot of flexibility andtaking the pressure off capacity planning.

大多數(shù)云計(jì)算服務(wù)都可自助按需提供，通常只要點(diǎn)幾下鼠標(biāo)，即便是海量計(jì)算資源也能在幾分鐘之內(nèi)配置好，這給了企業(yè)極大的靈活性，也減輕了容量規(guī)劃的壓力。

Global scale

全球范圍

The benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to scale elastically. In cloud speak³, that means delivering the right amount of IT resources – for example, more or less computing power, storage, bandwidth – right when it is needed and from the right geographic location.

云計(jì)算服務(wù)的其中一個(gè)好處就是彈性縮放的能力。用云術(shù)語(yǔ)來講，這意味著在剛好需要的時(shí)候，從合適的地理位置交付恰當(dāng)數(shù)量的 IT 資源，例如，更多或更少的計(jì)算能力、 存儲(chǔ)空間和帶寬。

Productivity

生產(chǎn)率

On-site datacenters typically require a lot of “racking and stacking⁴” – hardware setup, software patching, and other time-consuming IT management chores. Cloud computing removes the need for many of these tasks, so IT teams can spend time on achieving more important business goals.

本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心通常需要做許多與“機(jī)架和堆?！毕嚓P(guān)的工作，包括設(shè)置硬件、給軟件打補(bǔ)丁，以及其他耗時(shí)的日常IT管理事務(wù)。云計(jì)算省去了對(duì)其中很多工作的需求，因此IT團(tuán)隊(duì)可以有時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)更重要的商業(yè)目標(biāo)。

Performance

性能

The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation of fast and efficientcomputing hardware. This offers severalbenefits over a single corporate datacenter,including reduced network latency for ap- plications and greater economies of scale.

最大的云計(jì)算服務(wù)都在各安全數(shù)據(jù)中心所組成的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)上運(yùn)行，這些數(shù)據(jù)中心定期升級(jí)為最新一代快速高效的計(jì)算硬件。相比單個(gè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)中心，這有幾點(diǎn)好處，包括減少應(yīng)用程序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲和擴(kuò)大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。

Reliability

可靠性

Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery and business continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored⁵ at multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network.

云計(jì)算使得數(shù)據(jù)備份、災(zāi)難恢復(fù)和保持業(yè)務(wù)連續(xù)性更容易，費(fèi)用更低，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)可做成鏡像保存在云提供商網(wǎng)絡(luò)的多個(gè)冗余站點(diǎn)上。

Security

安全性

Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies and controls that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data, apps and infrastructure from potential threats.

很多云提供商提供各種政策、技術(shù)和控制工具，全面加強(qiáng)你的安全態(tài)勢(shì)，有助于保護(hù)你的數(shù)據(jù)、應(yīng)用程序和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施免遭潛在威脅。

Types of cloud computing

云計(jì)算的種類

There are three different ways to deploy cloud services: on a public cloud, private cloud or hybrid cloud.

云服務(wù)有三種不同的使用方式：公有云、私有云或混合云。

Public cloud

公有云

Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. Microsoft Azure⁶ is an example of a public cloud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a web browser.

公有云由第三方云服務(wù)提供商所有和運(yùn)營(yíng)，云服務(wù)提供商通過因特網(wǎng)提供他們的計(jì)算資源，如服務(wù)器和存儲(chǔ)功能。微軟的Azure就是公有云的一個(gè)例子。在公有云中，所有的硬件、軟件和其他支持性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施均由云提供商所有和管理。你可以用網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器來獲得這些服務(wù)并管理你的賬戶。

Private cloud

私有云

A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organisation. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network.

私有云是指專供單個(gè)企業(yè)或機(jī)構(gòu)使用的云計(jì)算資源。私有云可實(shí)際位于公司的本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心內(nèi)。有些公司也會(huì)雇請(qǐng)第三方服務(wù)提供商托管他們的私有云。私有云是在專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)上維護(hù)服務(wù)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的云。

Hybrid cloud

混合云

Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options and helps optimise your existing infrastructure, security and compliance.

混合云結(jié)合了公有云和私有云的特點(diǎn)，通過共享數(shù)據(jù)和應(yīng)用程序的技術(shù)將兩者連接在一起。通過允許數(shù)據(jù)和應(yīng)用程序在私有云和公有云之間移動(dòng)，混合云可以為企業(yè)提供更大的靈活性和更多的部署策略，幫助優(yōu)化企業(yè)現(xiàn)存的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、安全性和兼容性。

Uses of cloud computing

云計(jì)算的用途

The first cloud computing services are barely a decade old, but already a varietyof organisations – from tiny startups to global corporations, government agencies to non-profits – are embracing the technology for all sorts of reasons.

距第一批云計(jì)算服務(wù)問世還不到十年，但已有各種機(jī)構(gòu)——從小型初創(chuàng)企業(yè)到跨國(guó)公司，從政府機(jī)構(gòu)到非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)——因各種原因采用云計(jì)算技術(shù)。

Here are a few examples of what is possible today with cloud services from a cloud provider:

以下是目前云提供商所能提供的云服務(wù)的一些實(shí)例：

Create cloud-native⁷ applications

構(gòu)建云原生應(yīng)用程序

Quickly build, deploy and scale applications – web, mobile and API⁸. Take advantage of cloud-native technologies and approaches, such as containers, Kubernetes⁹, microservices architecture, APIdriven communication and DevOps¹⁰.

快速構(gòu)建、部署和縮放應(yīng)用程序，包括網(wǎng)頁(yè)端、移動(dòng)端和應(yīng)用程序編程接口。利用云原生技術(shù)和方法，比如容器、Kubernetes、微服務(wù)架構(gòu)、API驅(qū)動(dòng)的通信和DevOps。

Test and build applications

測(cè)試和構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序

Reduce application development cost and time by using cloud infrastructures that can easily be scaled up or down.

通過使用可輕松升降級(jí)的云基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來縮減應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)成本和時(shí)間。

Store, back up and recover data

存儲(chǔ)、備份和數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)

Protect your data more cost-efficiently – and at massive scale – by transferring your data over the Internet to an offsite cloud storage system that is accessible from any location and any device.

通過將數(shù)據(jù)由因特網(wǎng)傳送到從任何位置、任何設(shè)備都可訪問的場(chǎng)外云存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)中，以超大規(guī)模和更具成本效益的方式保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)。

Analyse data

分析數(shù)據(jù)

Unify your data across teams, divisions and locations in the cloud. Then use cloud services, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, to uncover insights for more informed decisions.

統(tǒng)一云中各團(tuán)隊(duì)、各部門、各地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)。然后用云服務(wù)（例如機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能）發(fā)掘洞見以做出更有根據(jù)的決定。

Stream¹¹ audio and video

在線播放音頻和視頻

Connect with your audience anywhere, anytime, on any device with high-definition video and audio with global distribution.

用遍布全球的高清視頻和音頻在任何地點(diǎn)、任何時(shí)間、任何設(shè)備上與受眾進(jìn)行聯(lián)系。

Embed intelligence

內(nèi)嵌智能

Use intelligent models to help engage customers and provide valuable insights from the data captured.

用智能模式來吸引客戶，利用捕獲的數(shù)據(jù)提供有價(jià)值的見解。

Deliver software on demand

按需提供軟件

Also known as software as a service (SaaS), on-demand software lets you offer the latest software versions and updates around to customers – anytime they need, anywhere they are.

按需軟件也被稱為軟件即服務(wù)，可以讓你向客戶提供最新的軟件版本和更新——無論他們身在何處，何時(shí)需要。

注釋：

1. scale改變大小。

2. on-site場(chǎng)區(qū)內(nèi)。

3. speak行話，術(shù)語(yǔ)。

4. stack堆棧。堆棧是一個(gè)特定的存儲(chǔ)區(qū)或寄存器，它的一端是固定的，另一端是浮動(dòng)的。所有的數(shù)據(jù)存入或取出，只能在浮動(dòng)的一端進(jìn)行，嚴(yán)格按照“先進(jìn)后出”的原則存取。

5. mirror映照。鏡像（mirroring）是一種文件存儲(chǔ)形式，是冗余的一種類型。一個(gè)磁盤上的數(shù)據(jù)在另一個(gè)磁盤上存在一個(gè)完全相同的副本，即為鏡像。

6. 微軟發(fā)布的基于云計(jì)算的操作系統(tǒng)，旨在為開發(fā)者提供一個(gè)支持互操作的開放式平臺(tái)，幫助開發(fā)可在云服務(wù)器、數(shù)據(jù)中心、Web 和個(gè)人電腦上運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序。

7. cloud-native云原生。這是一個(gè)組合詞。云（cloud）是和本地相對(duì)的，表示應(yīng)用程序位于云中，而不是傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)中心；原生（native）表示應(yīng)用程序從設(shè)計(jì)之初即考慮到云的環(huán)境，為云而設(shè)計(jì)，在云上以最佳狀態(tài)運(yùn)行，充分利用和發(fā)揮云平臺(tái)的彈性和分布式優(yōu)勢(shì)。

8. API = Application Programming Interface應(yīng)用程序編程接口，API是一些預(yù)先定義的函數(shù)，目的是提供應(yīng)用程序。

9. 谷歌開源的容器集群管理系統(tǒng)，它可以簡(jiǎn)化應(yīng)用程序的工作流，加快開發(fā)速度。

10. Development和Operations的組合，是一組過程、方法與系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)稱，用于促進(jìn)開發(fā)（應(yīng)用程序/ 軟件工程）、技術(shù)運(yùn)營(yíng)和質(zhì)量保障（QA）部門之間的溝通、協(xié)作與整合。它的出現(xiàn)是由于軟件行業(yè)日益清晰地認(rèn)識(shí)到：為了按時(shí)交付軟件產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，開發(fā)和運(yùn)維工作必須緊密合作。

11. stream 用流式傳輸，流播（無須待整個(gè)文件下載到計(jì)算機(jī)便可播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的視頻或音頻文件）。