研究表明，不受歡迎的青少年在以后的生活中患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高

研究表明，不受歡迎的青少年在以后的生活中患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高

Thirteen-year-olds who weren't very popular with their peers growing up seem to have a higher risk of developing circulatory system disease in later life, a study released Tuesday has found.

周二發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中不受同齡人歡迎的13歲青少年在晚年患循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)似乎更高。

Many of us hope to escape who we were in high school -- particularly if you were last in line to be picked in gym class -- but a growing body of research suggests that how popular you are in adolescence has a link with psychological and physical health decades later.

我們中的許多人都希望擺脫高中時(shí)的自己——特別是如果你是體育課上最后一個(gè)被選中的人——但越來(lái)越多的研究表明，你在青春期的受歡迎程度與幾十年后的心理和身體健康有著聯(lián)系。

Thirteen-year-olds who weren't very popular with their peers growing up, a new study released Tuesday has found, seem to have a heightened risk of developing circulatory system disease in later life. This includes higher risk for conditions such as narrowed and hardened arteries and abnormal heartbeat that affect the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

周二發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中不受同齡人歡迎的13歲青少年，日后患循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)似乎更高。這包括出現(xiàn)動(dòng)脈變窄、硬化、心跳異常等影響心臟和血管正常功能的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

"Although not many realize it, peer status is one of the strongest predictors of later psychological and health outcomes, even decades later, said Mitch Prinstein, the John Van Seters distinguished professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of North Carolina.

北卡羅萊納大學(xué)約翰·范·賽特斯杰出心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)教授米奇·普林斯坦說(shuō)，盡管意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不多，但同齡人的地位是日后心理和健康狀況的最有力預(yù)測(cè)因素之一，即便是幾十年后也是如此。

"Several early studies revealed that our likeability among peers in grade school predicts life outcomes more strongly than does IQ, parental income, school grades, and pre-existing physical illness," Prinstein, who wasn't involved with the research, said.

“一些早期的研究表明，我們?cè)谛W(xué)同齡人中的受歡迎程度比智商、父母的收入、學(xué)校成績(jī)和已經(jīng)存在的身體疾病更能預(yù)示人生的結(jié)果，”普林斯坦說(shuō)，他沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究。

Prinstein, and the authors of the study, said that it's important to note that peer status is a specific form of popularity -- likeability rather than being the cool kid.

普林斯坦和這項(xiàng)研究的作者們說(shuō)，值得注意的是，同伴地位是受歡迎程度的一種特殊形式——喜歡程度，而不是做一個(gè)酷孩子。

"Many would perhaps think of high-status kids as those who were highly visible and influential -- hanging out in the smoking area during breaks and partying during the weekends. That is another type of popularity," said Ylva Almquist, an associate professor and senior lecturer at the department of public health sciences at Stockholm University and an author of the study, which published in the journal BMJ Open.

“很多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為，‘高地位’孩子是指那些很顯眼、很有影響力的人——他們會(huì)在休息時(shí)間在吸煙區(qū)閑逛，或者在周末開(kāi)派對(duì)。這是另一種受歡迎程度，”斯德哥爾摩大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生科學(xué)系副教授、高級(jí)講師伊爾瓦·阿爾姆奎斯特說(shuō)。他是發(fā)表在《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)期刊開(kāi)放》上的研究論文的作者之一。

"Peer status is rather an indicator of likability, and the degree to which a child is accepted and respected by their peers."

“同齡人的地位是受喜歡程度的標(biāo)志，是一個(gè)孩子被同齡人接受和尊重的程度。”

Chronic health problems are usually explained by genetic factors or actions like smoking, drinking or an unhealthy diet, but research has suggested that high-quality relationships are a key indicator of mortality.

慢性健康問(wèn)題通常是由遺傳因素或吸煙、飲酒或不健康飲食等行為引起的，但研究表明，高質(zhì)量的人際關(guān)系是死亡率的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。

Observational study
觀察性研究

In this study from Sweden, the researchers used data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, which includes everyone born in 1953 and residing in Stockholm, the Swedish capital, in 1963.

在瑞典的這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員使用了斯德哥爾摩出生隊(duì)列多代研究的數(shù)據(jù)，包括1953年出生并于1963年居住在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩的所有人。

The health of 5,410 men and 5,990 women was tracked into their 60s. At age 13, they had been asked who among their classmates they preferred to work with. They used the results to determine "peer group status," which they divided into four categories: zero nominations, which they termed "marginalized"; one ("low status"); two or three ("medium status"); and four or more ("high status").

研究人員對(duì)5,410名男性和5,990名女性的健康狀況進(jìn)行了跟蹤調(diào)查，調(diào)查一直持續(xù)到60多歲。在13歲時(shí)，他們被問(wèn)及在同學(xué)中他們更愿意和誰(shuí)一起工作。他們用這些結(jié)果來(lái)確定“同齡人地位”，并將其分為四類:零提名，他們稱之為“邊緣人群”;一個(gè)(“低地位”);兩個(gè)或三個(gè)(“中等地位”);四個(gè)或更多(“高地位”)。

Thirty-three percent of the boys enjoyed high peer group status at the age of 13, slightly more than girls (28.5%), the researchers found. Some 16% of the girls were classed as "marginalized," compared to 12% of boys.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，33%的男孩在13歲時(shí)享有很高的同齡人地位，略高于女孩(28.5%)。大約16%的女孩被劃分為“邊緣人群”，而男孩只有12%。

Circulatory disease was more common among the men than it was among the women, but the children classed as "marginalized" at age 13 had a 33% to 34% higher risk of circulatory disease in adulthood in both sexes, the study found.

循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病在男性中比在女性中更常見(jiàn)，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在13歲時(shí)被列為“邊緣人群”的兒童，成年后患循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在兩性中都高出33%至34%。

In their analysis, the researchers said they accounted for factors such as number and position of siblings, parental education and mental health, socioeconomic conditions, and school factors, such as intellect, academic performance and any criminal behavior.

在分析中，研究人員表示，這些因素包括兄弟姐妹的數(shù)量和地位、父母教育和心理健康、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況以及學(xué)校因素，如智力、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)和任何犯罪行為。

But as an observational study, it can only show a link, and Almquist said there could be many explanations for the association.

但作為一項(xiàng)觀察性研究，它只能顯示出兩者之間的聯(lián)系。阿爾姆奎斯特說(shuō)，這種聯(lián)系可能有很多解釋。

"A common dilemma in this kind of research is that we have the information we need to establish associations between conditions in childhood and health outcomes in adulthood, but we know quite little about whatever is happening in between," Almquist said.

阿爾姆奎斯特說(shuō):“在這類研究中，一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的困境是，我們已經(jīng)掌握了建立兒童期狀況和成年期健康狀況之間聯(lián)系所需的信息，但我們對(duì)這兩者之間發(fā)生的事情知之甚少。”