1918年的流感導致美國各地的萬圣節(jié)取消?？赡苓€會發(fā)生
1918年的流感導致美國各地的萬圣節(jié)取消?？赡苓€會發(fā)生
As people living during the 1918 influenza pandemic approached Halloween, they had to balance a desire for fun with the risk of catching and spreading a deadly disease.
隨著生活在1918年流感大流行時期的人們臨近萬圣節(jié)，他們不得不在娛樂的愿望與感染和傳播致命疾病的風險之間取得平衡。
On the list of traditions canceled by the coronavirus pandemic, Halloween might be next on the cultural hit list.
在冠狀病毒流行病取消的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日名單中，萬圣節(jié)可能是下一個被列入黑名單的文化節(jié)日。
Los Angeles County, for example, has led the charge by issuing formal guidance that recommends against trick-or-treating and bans other traditional festivities, according to the county's public health department.
例如，洛杉磯縣的公共衛(wèi)生部門表示，該縣已經率先發(fā)布正式指導，建議禁止“不給糖就搗蛋”，并禁止其他傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。
The decision is history repeating itself: During the 1918 influenza pandemic, "Halloween parties, as well as other social functions attracting large numbers of people (were) discouraged" by LA health authorities, according to an October 30, 1918, Los Angeles Times report.
這一決定是歷史的重演：據《洛杉磯時報》1918年10月30日的一篇報道，在1918年流感大流行期間，“萬圣節(jié)派對以及吸引大量民眾的其他社交活動受到了洛杉磯衛(wèi)生當局的勸阻”。
The fall of 1918 was the second and worst wave of the 1918 flu pandemic, which killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide.
1918年秋季是1918年流感大流行的第二波，也是最嚴重的一波，導致全球5000萬到1億人死亡。
The highest death rates occurred from October to December, possibly due to a deadlier strain of the virus and crowding in hospitals and military camps.
死亡率最高的是10月至12月，可能是由于一種更致命的病毒毒株以及醫(yī)院和軍營的擁擠造成的。
"In most places in the United States, by October 31 of 1918, conditions would have been grim," said Elizabeth Outka, a professor of English at the University of Richmond and author of the book "Viral Modernism: The Influenza Pandemic and Interwar Literature."
“到1918年10月31日，在美國的大多數地方，情況將會很嚴峻，”里士滿大學的英語教授伊麗莎白·烏特卡說。她著有《病毒現代主義:流感大流行和兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的文學》一書。
"A lot of things were shut down: stores, schools, churches," said Outka. "There was widespread disruption and a widespread sense that public gatherings were not a good idea."
“商店、學校、教堂等很多地方都關閉了，”烏特卡說。“出現了廣泛的破壞，人們普遍認為公眾集會不是個好主意。”
As the flu ravaged the globe, many US cities saw the need to restrict or ban Halloween celebrations.
隨著流感肆虐全球，許多美國城市認為有必要限制或禁止萬圣節(jié)慶祝活動。
Halloween during (another) unprecedented pandemic
萬圣節(jié)期間(另一個)前所未有的流行病
That Los Angeles County's restriction on traditional celebrations occurred in 1918 as well is "somehow comforting," Orbann said, since that pandemic eventually ended.
奧班說，洛杉磯縣對傳統(tǒng)慶?；顒拥南拗埔舶l(fā)生在1918年，這“在某種程度上令人欣慰”，因為那場流行病最終結束了。
And we might look to the safer choices of the past when considering how to celebrate Halloween this year.
在考慮如何慶祝今年的萬圣節(jié)時，我們可以參照過去的安全選擇。
"Based on my research of 1918," Outka said, "it certainly seems like a reasonable thing to do something different for Halloween this year, even though I love the holiday and I think it's really great.
“基于我對1918年的研究，” 烏特卡說，“雖然我喜歡這個節(jié)日，而且我認為它真的很重要，但為今年的萬圣節(jié)做一些不同的事情顯然是合理的。”
"I think being alive is also really great."
“我覺得活著也很重要。”
