在過(guò)去的30年里，南極變暖的速度是全球平均水平的3倍

在過(guò)去的30年里，南極變暖的速度是全球平均水平的3倍

The South Pole has been warming at more than three times the global average over the past 30 years, a new study has found. That could have huge implications for the melting of Antarctic ice sheets, marine life in the region and the rising of global sea levels.

一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過(guò)去30年里，南極的變暖速度是全球平均水平的三倍多。這可能會(huì)對(duì)南極冰蓋的融化、該地區(qū)的海洋生物以及全球海平面的上升產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

The study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change on Monday, sheds new light on the most remote region on Earth. While scientists have known for years that the outer regions of Antarctica is warming, they previously thought the South Pole, being located deep in its interior, was isolated from rising global temperatures.

這項(xiàng)研究周一發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上，為地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)提供了新的線索。盡管科學(xué)家們多年前就知道南極洲的外部地區(qū)正在變暖，但他們之前認(rèn)為，南極位于其內(nèi)部深處，與全球不斷上升的氣溫是無(wú)關(guān)的。

"This highlights that global warming is global and it's making its way to these remote places," said Kyle Clem, postdoctoral research fellow in Climate Science at the University of Wellington, and lead author of the study.

“這表明全球變暖是全球性的，而且正在向這些偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)蔓延，”惠靈頓大學(xué)氣候科學(xué)博士后研究員凱爾·克萊姆說(shuō)，他也是這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者。

Clem and his team analyzed weather station data at the South Pole, as well as climate models to examine the warming in the Antarctic interior. They found that between 1989 and 2018, the South Pole had warmed by about 1.8 degrees Celsius over the past 30 years at a rate of +0.6 °C per decade -- three times the global average.

克萊姆和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)分析了南極氣象站的數(shù)據(jù)，以及氣候模型，以研究南極內(nèi)陸的變暖。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1989年至2018年間，南極在過(guò)去30年中以每十年上升0.6攝氏度的速度升溫了約1.8攝氏度，是全球平均氣溫的三倍。

The scientists said the main cause of the warming was increasing sea surface temperatures thousands of miles away in the tropics. Over the past 30 years, warming in the western tropical Pacific Ocean -- a region near the equator north of Australia and Papua New Guinea -- meant there was an increase in warm air being carried to the South Pole.

科學(xué)家們表示，全球變暖的主要原因是數(shù)千英里之外熱帶地區(qū)的海水表面溫度不斷上升。在過(guò)去的30年里，西熱帶太平洋——澳大利亞和巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞北部靠近赤道的地區(qū)——的變暖意味著被帶到南極的暖空氣增加了。

Melting sea ice, Antarctic heat waves

融化的海冰，南極的熱浪

Hotter temperatures have been recorded at other parts of Antarctica in recent years and the warming has serious global consequences, especially for the millions of people living on the world's coasts who are vulnerable to sea level rise.

近年來(lái)，南極其他地區(qū)的氣溫也有所上升，這種變暖對(duì)全球造成了嚴(yán)重的后果，尤其是對(duì)生活在世界海岸的數(shù)百萬(wàn)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們很容易受到海平面上升的影響。

Antarctica's ice sheet contains enough water to raise global sea levels by nearly 200 feet, according to the World Meteorological Organization.

據(jù)世界氣象組織稱，南極洲冰原所含的水足以使全球海平面上升近200英尺。

In March, climate scientists recorded the first heat wave at a research base in East Antarctica and in February, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica --18.3 degrees Celsius (65 degrees Fahrenheit) -- was measured at Argentina's Esperanza research station.

今年3月，氣候科學(xué)家在南極洲東部的一個(gè)研究基地記錄到了第一次熱浪，2月，阿根廷埃斯佩蘭薩研究站測(cè)量到南極洲有史以來(lái)最熱的溫度——18.3攝氏度(65華氏度)。

Ice loss in the region has also been accelerating at an alarming rate over the past few decades. In the past 22 years, one giant glacier in East Antarctica has retreatedalmost three miles.

在過(guò)去的幾十年里，該地區(qū)的冰流失也在以驚人的速度加速。在過(guò)去的22年里，南極洲東部的一個(gè)巨大冰川退縮了近3英里。

While the South Pole remains below freezing and is likely to stay that way, Clem said that the warming trend seen at the Pole is linked to what we're seeing on the coast and the Antarctic Peninsula.

克萊姆說(shuō)，雖然南極仍然處于冰點(diǎn)以下，而且很可能會(huì)一直保持這種狀態(tài)，但南極的變暖趨勢(shì)與我們?cè)诤０逗湍蠘O半島看到的情況有關(guān)。

The warming "starts from the coast and works its way inland," Clem said.

氣候變暖“從海岸開(kāi)始，向內(nèi)陸蔓延，”克萊姆說(shuō)。