從露營(yíng)到外出就餐:以下是專家對(duì)4項(xiàng)夏季活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

從露營(yíng)到外出就餐:以下是專家對(duì)4項(xiàng)夏季活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

It has been months of quarantine for many of us. The urge to get out and enjoy the summer is real. But given that coronavirus cases continue to surge in many places, what's safe? We asked a panel of infectious disease and public health experts to rate the risk of summer activities.

對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來說，已經(jīng)隔離了好幾個(gè)月了。出去享受夏天的沖動(dòng)是真實(shí)的。但考慮到冠狀病毒病例在許多地方繼續(xù)激增，什么才是安全的呢?我們請(qǐng)了一組傳染病和公共衛(wèi)生專家對(duì)夏季活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。

One big warning: Your personal risk depends on your age and health, the prevalence of the virus in your area and the precautions you take during any of these activities.

一個(gè)重要警告:你的個(gè)人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)取決于你的年齡和健康狀況、你所在地區(qū)的病毒流行情況以及你在這些活動(dòng)中采取的預(yù)防措施。

And there's no such thing as a zero-risk outing right now. As states begin allowing businesses and public areas to reopen, decisions about what's safe will be up to individuals. It can help to think through the risks the way the experts do.

現(xiàn)在沒有所謂的零風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出游。隨著各州開始允許企業(yè)和公共場(chǎng)所重新開放，決定什么是安全的將由個(gè)人來決定。以專家的方式思考風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)有所幫助。

1. A BYOB backyard gathering with one other household: low to medium risk

和其他家庭在后院聚會(huì):低到中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Meeting in a spacious outdoor area with only a small group isn't too risky. But our experts say that safety here depends on whom you invite and what their behaviors have been. "If you have a gathering with one other household that [has] followed social distancing, this would be a low-risk activity," says Dr. Judith Guzman-Cottrill, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health & Science University.

在一個(gè)寬敞的戶外區(qū)域和一小群人會(huì)面并不太危險(xiǎn)。但我們的專家說，這里的安全取決于你邀請(qǐng)了誰以及他們的行為。俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)的兒科傳染病專家朱迪斯·古斯曼-克特銳博士說:“如果你和另一個(gè)遵循社會(huì)距離的家庭一起聚會(huì)，這將是一個(gè)低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的活動(dòng)。”

What alters risk? To lower risk, avoid sharing food, drinks or utensils. Dr. Andrew Janowski, a pediatric infectious diseases expert at Washington University in St. Louis, notes that the food itself isn't the risk but touching shared dishes or utensils could be.

做什么會(huì)改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?為了降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，避免分享食物、飲料或餐具。圣路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)的兒科傳染病專家安德魯·雅諾夫斯基博士指出，食物本身不會(huì)帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但接觸共用的盤子或餐具可能會(huì)帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

2. Eating indoors at a restaurant: medium to high risk

在餐館室內(nèi)用餐:中到高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Indoor dining "is still amongst the riskier things you can do," Landon warns. The trouble is, says Miller, "people tend to linger in restaurants. So even if spacing is OK, the duration of exposure is longer." Also, he says, talking "appears to lead to some release of the virus."

蘭登警告說，室內(nèi)就餐“仍然是你可以做的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大的事情之一”。米勒說，問題是，“人們往往在餐館里逗留。因此，即使間距正常，暴露的時(shí)間也會(huì)更長(zhǎng)。”他說，談話“似乎會(huì)導(dǎo)致病毒的釋放。”

What alters risk? Janowski says the risk level depends on how well the restaurant has adapted for the pandemic. Eateries should reduce and space out seating, require servers to wear masks and offer easy access to hand-washing stations.

做什么會(huì)改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?危險(xiǎn)程度取決于餐館對(duì)大流行的改變程度。餐館應(yīng)該減少座位，騰出座位，要求服務(wù)員戴口罩，并提供方便的洗手臺(tái)。

3. Attending a religious service indoors: high risk

在室內(nèi)參加宗教儀式:高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Worship services involve people from different households coming together indoors for an extended time. "All of the ingredients are there for the potential for a lot of people becoming infected in the short amount of time," says Kimberly Powers, an epidemiologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

禮拜活動(dòng)包括來自不同家庭的人們?cè)谑覂?nèi)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間聚集在一起。”北卡羅來納大學(xué)教堂山分校的流行病學(xué)家金伯利·鮑爾斯說：“所有這些因素都有可能使很多人在短時(shí)間內(nèi)受到感染。

What alters risk: If people are appropriately socially distanced, wear masks and avoid singing, it may reduce the risk, Karan says.

做什么會(huì)改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn):卡蘭說，如果人們?cè)谏缃粓?chǎng)合保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x，戴上口罩，避免唱歌，這可能會(huì)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

4. Spending the day at a popular beach or pool: low to medium risk

在一個(gè)受歡迎的海灘或游泳池度過一天:低到中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

As long as you can stay socially distanced, this could be a pretty safe activity, our experts say. The problem is that many beaches have been getting crowded quickly, leading many counties and states to close their beaches periodically, as coronavirus cases sharply rise. So pay attention to conditions and restrictions in your area.

我們的專家說，只要你能保持社交距離，這可能是一個(gè)相當(dāng)安全的活動(dòng)。問題是，隨著冠狀病毒病例急劇上升，許多縣和州定期關(guān)閉海灘，許多海灘變得越來越擁擠。所以要注意你所在地區(qū)的條件和限制。

The water itself is not a risk. The sheer volume of water will dilute out the virus, making the water a highly unlikely source of infection.

水本身沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。大量的水將稀釋病毒，使水成為極不可能的感染源。

What alters risk? The key question is, how close are you to others? "Can you ensure that you can stay 6 feet [or more] from anyone outside of your designated family?" asks Rebecca Katz, director of the Center for Global Health Science and Security at Georgetown University Medical Center.

做什么會(huì)改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?關(guān)鍵問題是，你和別人有多近?喬治敦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心全球健康科學(xué)與安全中心主任麗貝卡•卡茨問道:“你能確保與指定家人以外的任何人保持6英尺(或更多)的距離嗎?”

Watch out for crowds at entry points and bathrooms. Maintain social distance both on land and in the water.

注意入口處和浴室的人群。在地上和水中保持社交距離。