在夏天來臨的時候，注意防曬，保持戶外健康

在夏天來臨的時候，注意防曬，保持戶外健康

As stay-at-home orders loosen and the weather warms, remember to practice safe sun care in addition to social distancing measures.

隨著居家令的限制的緩解和天氣的變暖，記住除了社交距離措施之外，還要進行安全的防曬護理。

As we welcome sunshine and warmer weather after being hunkered down for weeks, many of us will be more excited than ever to spend time outside.

當我們在被困數周后迎來陽光和溫暖的天氣時，我們中的許多人將比以往任何時候都更興奮地在外面度過。

But whether you are simply looking for some fresh air during a walk or hoping to get an extra dose of the "sunshine vitamin" — that is, immunity-supporting vitamin D — dermatologists say it's as important as ever to practice safe sun to protect against skin cancer.

但無論你只是在散步時尋找新鮮空氣，還是希望獲得額外劑量的“陽光維生素”——也就是支持免疫力的維生素D——皮膚科醫(yī)生說，實踐防曬安全來預防皮膚癌和以往一樣重要。

Skin cancer includes melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

皮膚癌包括黑素瘤和非黑素瘤皮膚癌，其中包括基底細胞癌和鱗狀細胞癌。

"Melanoma is the most deadly, and the chance of it taking your life is directly proportional to the stage at which it is diagnosed," said board-certified dermatologist Dr. Bruce H. Thiers, president of the American Academy of Dermatology. "If you can treat it early when it is just in the skin, it's basically 100% curable."

“黑色素瘤是最致命的，它奪走你生命的幾率與它被診斷的階段成正比，”美國皮膚學會主席、認證皮膚科醫(yī)生布魯斯·H·蒂爾斯博士說。“如果你能在皮膚早期治療階段，它基本上是100%可以治愈的。”

Even better news is that most skin cancers are preventable, and there are steps you can take to minimize your risk.

更好的消息是，大多數皮膚癌是可以預防的，你可以采取一些措施將風險降到最低。

"We're not telling anyone to be a hermit. We know people like to be outside, but be sensible," Thiers said.

“我們并不是讓任何人去做隱士。我們知道人們喜歡呆在外面，但是要理智。” 蒂爾斯說。

"If you go to the beach, stay in the shade under an umbrella. Avoid sun between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Wear sun protective clothing and UV protected sunglasses and apply sunscreen on all exposed skin."

“如果你去海灘，在陰涼處撐把傘。避免在上午10點到下午2點之間曬太陽。穿上防曬衣服，戴上防紫外線的太陽鏡，并在所有暴露在外的皮膚上涂防曬霜。”

Vitamin D and sun exposure

維生素D和陽光照射

That's right — even during pandemic times, it's important to apply sunscreen properly, despite the fact that doing so will block vitamin D synthesis in skin.

這是正確的——即使在流行病時期，正確涂抹防曬霜也很重要，盡管這樣做會阻礙皮膚中維生素D的合成。

Vitamin D has received a lot of attention for its role in supporting immune health.

維生素D因其在支持免疫健康方面的作用而受到廣泛關注。

The vitamin is part of the immune response to an immediate threat and activates our first line of defense against infection, explained Dr. Adam Friedman, professor and interim chair of dermatology at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

喬治華盛頓大學醫(yī)學與健康科學學院皮膚學教授兼臨時主席亞當·弗里德曼博士解釋說，維生素是應對直接威脅的免疫反應的一部分，激活我們抵御感染的第一道防線。

Our skin can synthesize vitamin D if it's exposed, without sunscreen, to ultraviolet B light from the sun. "It was an evolutionary mechanism [to meet D needs] when we didn't have a Walgreens down the street from us," Friedman said. "Now, we can get vitamin D from our diet or through supplementation."

如果沒有防曬霜，我們的皮膚暴露在太陽的紫外線B下，也能合成維生素D。“這是一種進化機制(滿足需求)，當我們的街道沒有沃爾格林藥店的時候，”弗里德曼說。“現在，我們可以從飲食中或通過補充來獲得維生素D。”

Food sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, eggs, tofu, mushrooms, cheese and fortified milk and juices.

富含維生素D的食物包括脂肪豐富的魚、雞蛋、豆腐、蘑菇、奶酪、強化牛奶和果汁。

Dermatologist Dr. Carolyn Jacob, founder and director of Chicago Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology, recommended that people get tested for vitamin D levels, which can alert you as to whether or not you should consider a vitamin D supplement.

芝加哥整形外科和皮膚科的創(chuàng)始人和主任，皮膚科醫(yī)生卡羅琳·雅各布博士建議人們進行維生素D水平測試，這可以提醒你是否應該考慮補充維生素D。

The sun is a source of UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are responsible for producing sunburn, while UVA rays play a greater role in the development of premature skin aging, including wrinkles and age spots.

太陽是UVA和UVB射線的來源。UVB射線是導致曬傷的罪魁禍首，而UVA射線則是導致皮膚過早老化的罪魁禍首，包括皺紋和老年斑。

Both UVA and UVB rays can cause skin cancer, however. Because of this, it's best to apply a sunscreen that has broad spectrum protection, which blocks both UVA and UVB rays, Thiers explained. Sunscreen should also be water-resistant and have a minimum SPF of 30, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. You should generously apply it to all skin not covered by clothing, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.

然而，UVA和UVB射線都能導致皮膚癌。蒂爾斯解釋說，因此，最好使用具有廣譜保護的防曬霜，可以阻擋UVA和UVB射線。美國皮膚學會表示，防曬霜還應該防水，防曬系數至少為30。你應該在所有沒有被衣服覆蓋的皮膚上大量涂抹，每兩個小時或者游泳或流汗后再涂抹一次。

If you use a spray sunscreen, Friedman recommended spraying the sunscreen into your hands and then applying, which will prevent losses into the air.

弗里德曼建議，如果你使用防曬噴霧，先將防曬霜噴在手上，然后涂抹，這樣可以防止防曬霜流失到空氣中。